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-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/config/update-users-groups.pl15
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/config/users-groups.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/hardware/decklink.nix16
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/hardware/infiniband.nix58
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/i18n/input-method/uim.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-graphical-gnome.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/iso-image.nix129
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/module-list.nix6
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/ecryptfs.nix31
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/streamdeck-ui.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/yazi.nix49
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/acme/default.nix106
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/pam.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/sudo.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/wrappers/default.nix20
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.c109
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/backup/duplicati.nix7
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/backup/restic.nix32
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix8
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/hail.nix61
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/woodpecker/agents.nix59
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/databases/surrealdb.nix29
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/hardware/auto-cpufreq.nix7
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/hardware/openrgb.nix9
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/home-automation/zigbee2mqtt.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/logging/logrotate.nix12
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/mail/listmonk.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/mail/stalwart-mail.nix106
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/matrix/mautrix-telegram.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/matrix/mautrix-whatsapp.nix99
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/atuin.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/cfdyndns.nix14
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix7
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/monitoring/mimir.nix14
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/dae.nix170
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/jool.nix313
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/nftables.nix22
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/wstunnel.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/galene.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/grocy.nix16
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/healthchecks.nix45
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/mobilizon.nix442
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/plausible.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/tt-rss.nix44
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix12
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/budgie.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/window-managers/oroborus.nix25
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/binfmt.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/networkd.nix10
-rwxr-xr-xnixos/modules/system/boot/stage-2-init.sh2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix16
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/tasks/bcache.nix12
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces.nix6
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/tasks/swraid.nix14
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/anbox.nix59
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-container.nix130
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-image-metadata.nix104
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-instance-common.nix30
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd-virtual-machine.nix46
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd.nix129
62 files changed, 1912 insertions, 781 deletions
diff --git a/nixos/modules/config/update-users-groups.pl b/nixos/modules/config/update-users-groups.pl
index 5236264e16b79..3785ba8c5fb80 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/config/update-users-groups.pl
+++ b/nixos/modules/config/update-users-groups.pl
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use File::Path qw(make_path);
 use File::Slurp;
 use Getopt::Long;
 use JSON;
-use DateTime;
+use Time::Piece;
 
 # Keep track of deleted uids and gids.
 my $uidMapFile = "/var/lib/nixos/uid-map";
@@ -26,17 +26,8 @@ sub updateFile {
 # Converts an ISO date to number of days since 1970-01-01
 sub dateToDays {
     my ($date) = @_;
-    my ($year, $month, $day) = split('-', $date, -3);
-    my $dt = DateTime->new(
-        year      => $year,
-        month     => $month,
-        day       => $day,
-        hour      => 0,
-        minute    => 0,
-        second    => 0,
-        time_zone => 'UTC',
-    );
-    return $dt->epoch / 86400;
+    my $time = Time::Piece->strptime($date, "%Y-%m-%d");
+    return $time->epoch / 60 / 60 / 24;
 }
 
 sub nscdInvalidate {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/config/users-groups.nix b/nixos/modules/config/users-groups.nix
index 9629e3964c96f..684b4bc8fbcc5 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/config/users-groups.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/config/users-groups.nix
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ in {
         install -m 0700 -d /root
         install -m 0755 -d /home
 
-        ${pkgs.perl.withPackages (p: [ p.FileSlurp p.JSON p.DateTime ])}/bin/perl \
+        ${pkgs.perl.withPackages (p: [ p.FileSlurp p.JSON ])}/bin/perl \
         -w ${./update-users-groups.pl} ${spec}
       '';
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/hardware/decklink.nix b/nixos/modules/hardware/decklink.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d179e1d7634ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/hardware/decklink.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+let
+  cfg = config.hardware.decklink;
+  kernelPackages = config.boot.kernelPackages;
+in
+{
+  options.hardware.decklink.enable = lib.mkEnableOption "hardware support for the Blackmagic Design Decklink audio/video interfaces";
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    boot.kernelModules = [ "blackmagic" "blackmagic-io" "snd_blackmagic-io" ];
+    boot.extraModulePackages = [ kernelPackages.decklink ];
+    systemd.packages = [ pkgs.blackmagic-desktop-video ];
+    systemd.services.DesktopVideoHelper.wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/hardware/infiniband.nix b/nixos/modules/hardware/infiniband.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..962883fa79721
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/hardware/infiniband.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+
+  cfg = config.hardware.infiniband;
+  opensm-services = {
+    "opensm@" = {
+      enable = true;
+      description = "Starts OpenSM Infiniband fabric Subnet Managers";
+      before = [ "network.target"];
+      unitConfig = {
+        ConditionPathExists = "/sys/class/infiniband_mad/abi_version";
+      };
+      serviceConfig = {
+        Type = "simple";
+        ExecStart = "${pkgs.opensm}/bin/opensm --guid %I --log_file /var/log/opensm.%I.log";
+      };
+    };
+  } // (builtins.listToAttrs (map (guid: {
+    name = "opensm@${guid}";
+    value = {
+      enable = true;
+      wantedBy = [ "machines.target" ];
+      overrideStrategy = "asDropin";
+    };
+  } ) cfg.guids));
+
+in
+
+{
+  options.hardware.infiniband = {
+    enable = mkEnableOption "Infiniband support";
+    guids = mkOption {
+      type = with types; listOf str;
+      default = [];
+      example = [ "0xe8ebd30000eee2e1" ];
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        A list of infiniband port guids on the system. This is discoverable using `ibstat -p`
+      '';
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+    boot.initrd.kernelModules = [
+      "mlx5_core" "mlx5_ib" "ib_cm"
+      "rdma_cm" "rdma_ucm" "rpcrdma"
+      "ib_ipoib" "ib_isert" "ib_umad" "ib_uverbs"
+    ];
+    # rdma-core exposes ibstat, mstflint exposes mstconfig (which can be needed for
+    # setting link configurations), qperf needed to affirm link speeds
+    environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
+      rdma-core mstflint qperf
+    ];
+    systemd.services = opensm-services;
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/i18n/input-method/uim.nix b/nixos/modules/i18n/input-method/uim.nix
index 9491ab2640fcc..7225783b2a6f8 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/i18n/input-method/uim.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/i18n/input-method/uim.nix
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ in
 
     i18n.inputMethod.uim = {
       toolbar = mkOption {
-        type    = types.enum [ "gtk" "gtk3" "gtk-systray" "gtk3-systray" "qt4" ];
+        type    = types.enum [ "gtk" "gtk3" "gtk-systray" "gtk3-systray" "qt5" ];
         default = "gtk";
         example = "gtk-systray";
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
diff --git a/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-graphical-gnome.nix b/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-graphical-gnome.nix
index ea8056ff870c5..573b31b439c2d 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-graphical-gnome.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-graphical-gnome.nix
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
   imports = [ ./installation-cd-graphical-base.nix ];
 
   isoImage.edition = "gnome";
-  isoImage.graphicalGrub = true;
 
   services.xserver.desktopManager.gnome = {
     # Add Firefox and other tools useful for installation to the launcher
diff --git a/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/iso-image.nix b/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/iso-image.nix
index c430048d6598f..0b5135c088eaf 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/iso-image.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/iso-image.nix
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ let
         # Name appended to menuentry defaults to params if no specific name given.
         option.name or (optionalString (option ? params) "(${option.params})")
         }' ${optionalString (option ? class) " --class ${option.class}"} {
+          # Fallback to UEFI console for boot, efifb sometimes has difficulties.
+          terminal_output console
+
           linux ${defaults.image} \''${isoboot} ${defaults.params} ${
             option.params or ""
           }
@@ -185,33 +188,25 @@ let
       # So instead we'll list a lot of possibly valid modes :/
       #"3840x2160"
       #"2560x1440"
+      "1920x1200"
       "1920x1080"
       "1366x768"
+      "1280x800"
       "1280x720"
+      "1200x1920"
       "1024x768"
+      "800x1280"
       "800x600"
       "auto"
     ]}
 
-    # Fonts can be loaded?
-    # (This font is assumed to always be provided as a fallback by NixOS)
-    if loadfont (\$root)/EFI/boot/unicode.pf2; then
-      set with_fonts=true
-    fi
-    if [ "\$textmode" != "true" -a "\$with_fonts" == "true" ]; then
-      # Use graphical term, it can be either with background image or a theme.
-      # input is "console", while output is "gfxterm".
-      # This enables "serial" input and output only when possible.
-      # Otherwise the failure mode is to not even enable gfxterm.
-      if test "\$with_serial" == "yes"; then
-        terminal_output gfxterm serial
-        terminal_input  console serial
-      else
-        terminal_output gfxterm
-        terminal_input  console
-      fi
+    if [ "\$textmode" == "false" ]; then
+      terminal_output gfxterm
+      terminal_input  console
     else
-      # Sets colors for the non-graphical term.
+      terminal_output console
+      terminal_input  console
+      # Sets colors for console term.
       set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue
       set menu_color_highlight=white/blue
     fi
@@ -250,18 +245,58 @@ let
     touch $out/EFI/nixos-installer-image
 
     # ALWAYS required modules.
-    MODULES="fat iso9660 part_gpt part_msdos \
-             normal boot linux configfile loopback chain halt \
-             efifwsetup efi_gop \
-             ls search search_label search_fs_uuid search_fs_file \
-             gfxmenu gfxterm gfxterm_background gfxterm_menu test all_video loadenv \
-             exfat ext2 ntfs btrfs hfsplus udf \
-             videoinfo png \
-             echo serial \
-            "
+    MODULES=(
+      # Basic modules for filesystems and partition schemes
+      "fat"
+      "iso9660"
+      "part_gpt"
+      "part_msdos"
+
+      # Basic stuff
+      "normal"
+      "boot"
+      "linux"
+      "configfile"
+      "loopback"
+      "chain"
+      "halt"
+
+      # Allows rebooting into firmware setup interface
+      "efifwsetup"
+
+      # EFI Graphics Output Protocol
+      "efi_gop"
+
+      # User commands
+      "ls"
+
+      # System commands
+      "search"
+      "search_label"
+      "search_fs_uuid"
+      "search_fs_file"
+      "echo"
+
+      # We're not using it anymore, but we'll leave it in so it can be used
+      # by user, with the console using "C"
+      "serial"
+
+      # Graphical mode stuff
+      "gfxmenu"
+      "gfxterm"
+      "gfxterm_background"
+      "gfxterm_menu"
+      "test"
+      "loadenv"
+      "all_video"
+      "videoinfo"
+
+      # File types for graphical mode
+      "png"
+    )
 
     echo "Building GRUB with modules:"
-    for mod in $MODULES; do
+    for mod in ''${MODULES[@]}; do
       echo " - $mod"
     done
 
@@ -270,31 +305,27 @@ let
     for mod in efi_uga; do
       if [ -f ${grubPkgs.grub2_efi}/lib/grub/${grubPkgs.grub2_efi.grubTarget}/$mod.mod ]; then
         echo " - $mod"
-        MODULES+=" $mod"
+        MODULES+=("$mod")
       fi
     done
 
     # Make our own efi program, we can't rely on "grub-install" since it seems to
     # probe for devices, even with --skip-fs-probe.
-    grub-mkimage --directory=${grubPkgs.grub2_efi}/lib/grub/${grubPkgs.grub2_efi.grubTarget} -o $out/EFI/boot/boot${targetArch}.efi -p /EFI/boot -O ${grubPkgs.grub2_efi.grubTarget} \
-      $MODULES
+    grub-mkimage \
+      --directory=${grubPkgs.grub2_efi}/lib/grub/${grubPkgs.grub2_efi.grubTarget} \
+      -o $out/EFI/boot/boot${targetArch}.efi \
+      -p /EFI/boot \
+      -O ${grubPkgs.grub2_efi.grubTarget} \
+      ''${MODULES[@]}
     cp ${grubPkgs.grub2_efi}/share/grub/unicode.pf2 $out/EFI/boot/
 
     cat <<EOF > $out/EFI/boot/grub.cfg
 
-    set with_fonts=false
-    set textmode=${boolToString (!config.isoImage.graphicalGrub)}
-    # If you want to use serial for "terminal_*" commands, you need to set one up:
-    #   Example manual configuration:
-    #    → serial --unit=0 --speed=115200 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1
-    # This uses the defaults, and makes the serial terminal available.
-    set with_serial=no
-    if serial; then set with_serial=yes ;fi
-    export with_serial
-    clear
+    set textmode=${boolToString (config.isoImage.forceTextMode)}
     set timeout=${toString grubEfiTimeout}
 
-    # This message will only be viewable when "gfxterm" is not used.
+    clear
+    # This message will only be viewable on the default (UEFI) console.
     echo ""
     echo "Loading graphical boot menu..."
     echo ""
@@ -306,7 +337,7 @@ let
     hiddenentry 'Text mode' --hotkey 't' {
       loadfont (\$root)/EFI/boot/unicode.pf2
       set textmode=true
-      terminal_output gfxterm console
+      terminal_output console
     }
     hiddenentry 'GUI mode' --hotkey 'g' {
       $(find ${config.isoImage.grubTheme} -iname '*.pf2' -printf "loadfont (\$root)/EFI/boot/grub-theme/%P\n")
@@ -400,6 +431,8 @@ let
     }
     EOF
 
+    grub-script-check $out/EFI/boot/grub.cfg
+
     ${refind}
   '';
 
@@ -658,13 +691,17 @@ in
       '';
     };
 
-    isoImage.graphicalGrub = mkOption {
+    isoImage.forceTextMode = mkOption {
       default = false;
       type = types.bool;
       example = true;
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
-        Whether to use textmode or graphical grub.
-        false means we use textmode grub.
+        Whether to use text mode instead of graphical grub.
+        A value of `true` means graphical mode is not tried to be used.
+
+        This is useful for validating that graphics mode usage is not at the root cause of a problem with the iso image.
+
+        If text mode is required off-handedly (e.g. for serial use) you can use the `T` key, after being prompted, to use text mode for the current boot.
       '';
     };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/module-list.nix b/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
index ec6424682ccce..018b9b6b44c52 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
   ./hardware/cpu/amd-sev.nix
   ./hardware/cpu/intel-microcode.nix
   ./hardware/cpu/intel-sgx.nix
+  ./hardware/decklink.nix
   ./hardware/device-tree.nix
   ./hardware/digitalbitbox.nix
   ./hardware/flipperzero.nix
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@
   ./hardware/gpgsmartcards.nix
   ./hardware/hackrf.nix
   ./hardware/i2c.nix
+  ./hardware/infiniband.nix
   ./hardware/keyboard/qmk.nix
   ./hardware/keyboard/teck.nix
   ./hardware/keyboard/uhk.nix
@@ -163,6 +165,7 @@
   ./programs/direnv.nix
   ./programs/dmrconfig.nix
   ./programs/droidcam.nix
+  ./programs/ecryptfs.nix
   ./programs/environment.nix
   ./programs/evince.nix
   ./programs/extra-container.nix
@@ -393,7 +396,6 @@
   ./services/continuous-integration/gitlab-runner.nix
   ./services/continuous-integration/gocd-agent/default.nix
   ./services/continuous-integration/gocd-server/default.nix
-  ./services/continuous-integration/hail.nix
   ./services/continuous-integration/hercules-ci-agent/default.nix
   ./services/continuous-integration/hydra/default.nix
   ./services/continuous-integration/jenkins/default.nix
@@ -594,6 +596,7 @@
   ./services/mail/rss2email.nix
   ./services/mail/schleuder.nix
   ./services/mail/spamassassin.nix
+  ./services/mail/stalwart-mail.nix
   ./services/mail/sympa.nix
   ./services/mail/zeyple.nix
   ./services/matrix/appservice-discord.nix
@@ -1258,6 +1261,7 @@
   ./services/web-apps/node-red.nix
   ./services/web-apps/onlyoffice.nix
   ./services/web-apps/openvscode-server.nix
+  ./services/web-apps/mobilizon.nix
   ./services/web-apps/openwebrx.nix
   ./services/web-apps/outline.nix
   ./services/web-apps/peering-manager.nix
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/ecryptfs.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/ecryptfs.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..63c1a3ad44199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/ecryptfs.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+  cfg = config.programs.ecryptfs;
+
+in {
+  options.programs.ecryptfs = {
+    enable = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "ecryptfs setuid mount wrappers");
+  };
+
+  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+    security.wrappers = {
+
+      "mount.ecryptfs_private" = {
+        setuid = true;
+        owner = "root";
+        group = "root";
+        source = "${lib.getBin pkgs.ecryptfs}/bin/mount.ecryptfs_private";
+      };
+      "umount.ecryptfs_private" = {
+        setuid = true;
+        owner = "root";
+        group = "root";
+        source = "${lib.getBin pkgs.ecryptfs}/bin/umount.ecryptfs_private";
+      };
+
+    };
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/streamdeck-ui.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/streamdeck-ui.nix
index 4c055029e39b9..220f0a35f1629 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/streamdeck-ui.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/streamdeck-ui.nix
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ in
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
     environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
       cfg.package
-      (mkIf cfg.autoStart (makeAutostartItem { name = "streamdeck-ui"; package = cfg.package; }))
+      (mkIf cfg.autoStart (makeAutostartItem { name = "streamdeck-ui-noui"; package = cfg.package; }))
     ];
 
     services.udev.packages = [ cfg.package ];
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/yazi.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/yazi.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3416bca06679f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/yazi.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+let
+  cfg = config.programs.yazi;
+
+  settingsFormat = pkgs.formats.toml { };
+
+  names = [ "yazi" "theme" "keymap" ];
+in
+{
+  options.programs.yazi = {
+    enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "yazi terminal file manager");
+
+    package = lib.mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "yazi" { };
+
+    settings = lib.mkOption {
+      type = with lib.types; submodule {
+        options = lib.listToAttrs (map
+          (name: lib.nameValuePair name (lib.mkOption {
+            inherit (settingsFormat) type;
+            default = { };
+            description = lib.mdDoc ''
+              Configuration included in `${name}.toml`.
+
+              See https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/blob/v${cfg.package.version}/config/docs/${name}.md for documentation.
+            '';
+          }))
+          names);
+      };
+      default = { };
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        Configuration included in `$YAZI_CONFIG_HOME`.
+      '';
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    environment = {
+      systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
+      variables.YAZI_CONFIG_HOME = "/etc/yazi/";
+      etc = lib.attrsets.mergeAttrsList (map
+        (name: lib.optionalAttrs (cfg.settings.${name} != { }) {
+          "yazi/${name}.toml".source = settingsFormat.generate "${name}.toml" cfg.settings.${name};
+        })
+        names);
+    };
+  };
+  meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ linsui ];
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/acme/default.nix b/nixos/modules/security/acme/default.nix
index 8aee71c864d0a..222a25cf11dce 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/acme/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/acme/default.nix
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 { config, lib, pkgs, options, ... }:
 with lib;
 let
+
+
   cfg = config.security.acme;
   opt = options.security.acme;
   user = if cfg.useRoot then "root" else "acme";
@@ -14,6 +16,36 @@ let
   mkAccountHash = acmeServer: data: mkHash "${toString acmeServer} ${data.keyType} ${data.email}";
   accountDirRoot = "/var/lib/acme/.lego/accounts/";
 
+  lockdir = "/run/acme/";
+  concurrencyLockfiles = map (n: "${toString n}.lock") (lib.range 1 cfg.maxConcurrentRenewals);
+  # Assign elements of `baseList` to each element of `needAssignmentList`, until the latter is exhausted.
+  # returns: [{fst = "element of baseList"; snd = "element of needAssignmentList"}]
+  roundRobinAssign = baseList: needAssignmentList:
+    if baseList == [] then []
+    else _rrCycler baseList baseList needAssignmentList;
+  _rrCycler = with builtins; origBaseList: workingBaseList: needAssignmentList:
+    if (workingBaseList == [] || needAssignmentList == [])
+    then []
+    else
+      [{ fst = head workingBaseList; snd = head needAssignmentList;}] ++
+      _rrCycler origBaseList (if (tail workingBaseList == []) then origBaseList else tail workingBaseList) (tail needAssignmentList);
+  attrsToList = mapAttrsToList (attrname: attrval: {name = attrname; value = attrval;});
+  # for an AttrSet `funcsAttrs` having functions as values, apply single arguments from
+  # `argsList` to them in a round-robin manner.
+  # Returns an attribute set with the applied functions as values.
+  roundRobinApplyAttrs = funcsAttrs: argsList: lib.listToAttrs (map (x: {inherit (x.snd) name; value = x.snd.value x.fst;}) (roundRobinAssign argsList (attrsToList funcsAttrs)));
+  wrapInFlock = lockfilePath: script:
+    # explainer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/60896531
+    ''
+      exec {LOCKFD}> ${lockfilePath}
+      echo "Waiting to acquire lock ${lockfilePath}"
+      ${pkgs.flock}/bin/flock ''${LOCKFD} || exit 1
+      echo "Acquired lock ${lockfilePath}"
+    ''
+    + script + "\n"
+    + ''echo "Releasing lock ${lockfilePath}"  # only released after process exit'';
+
+
   # There are many services required to make cert renewals work.
   # They all follow a common structure:
   #   - They inherit this commonServiceConfig
@@ -31,6 +63,7 @@ let
     ProtectSystem = "strict";
     ReadWritePaths = [
       "/var/lib/acme"
+      lockdir
     ];
     PrivateTmp = true;
 
@@ -118,7 +151,8 @@ let
       # We don't want this to run every time a renewal happens
       RemainAfterExit = true;
 
-      # These StateDirectory entries negate the need for tmpfiles
+      # StateDirectory entries are a cleaner, service-level mechanism
+      # for dealing with persistent service data
       StateDirectory = [ "acme" "acme/.lego" "acme/.lego/accounts" ];
       StateDirectoryMode = 755;
       WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/acme";
@@ -127,6 +161,25 @@ let
       ExecStart = "+" + (pkgs.writeShellScript "acme-fixperms" script);
     };
   };
+  lockfilePrepareService = {
+    description = "Manage lock files for acme services";
+
+    # ensure all required lock files exist, but none more
+    script = ''
+      GLOBIGNORE="${concatStringsSep ":" concurrencyLockfiles}"
+      rm -f *
+      unset GLOBIGNORE
+
+      xargs touch <<< "${toString concurrencyLockfiles}"
+    '';
+
+    serviceConfig = commonServiceConfig // {
+      # We don't want this to run every time a renewal happens
+      RemainAfterExit = true;
+      WorkingDirectory = lockdir;
+    };
+  };
+
 
   certToConfig = cert: data: let
     acmeServer = data.server;
@@ -229,10 +282,10 @@ let
       };
     };
 
-    selfsignService = {
+    selfsignService = lockfileName: {
       description = "Generate self-signed certificate for ${cert}";
-      after = [ "acme-selfsigned-ca.service" "acme-fixperms.service" ];
-      requires = [ "acme-selfsigned-ca.service" "acme-fixperms.service" ];
+      after = [ "acme-selfsigned-ca.service" "acme-fixperms.service" ] ++ optional (cfg.maxConcurrentRenewals > 0) "acme-lockfiles.service";
+      requires = [ "acme-selfsigned-ca.service" "acme-fixperms.service" ] ++ optional (cfg.maxConcurrentRenewals > 0) "acme-lockfiles.service";
 
       path = with pkgs; [ minica ];
 
@@ -256,7 +309,7 @@ let
       # Working directory will be /tmp
       # minica will output to a folder sharing the name of the first domain
       # in the list, which will be ${data.domain}
-      script = ''
+      script = (if (lockfileName == null) then lib.id else wrapInFlock "${lockdir}${lockfileName}") ''
         minica \
           --ca-key ca/key.pem \
           --ca-cert ca/cert.pem \
@@ -277,10 +330,10 @@ let
       '';
     };
 
-    renewService = {
+    renewService = lockfileName: {
       description = "Renew ACME certificate for ${cert}";
-      after = [ "network.target" "network-online.target" "acme-fixperms.service" "nss-lookup.target" ] ++ selfsignedDeps;
-      wants = [ "network-online.target" "acme-fixperms.service" ] ++ selfsignedDeps;
+      after = [ "network.target" "network-online.target" "acme-fixperms.service" "nss-lookup.target" ] ++ selfsignedDeps ++ optional (cfg.maxConcurrentRenewals > 0) "acme-lockfiles.service";
+      wants = [ "network-online.target" "acme-fixperms.service" ] ++ selfsignedDeps ++ optional (cfg.maxConcurrentRenewals > 0) "acme-lockfiles.service";
 
       # https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/81371#issuecomment-605526099
       wantedBy = optionals (!config.boot.isContainer) [ "multi-user.target" ];
@@ -329,7 +382,7 @@ let
       };
 
       # Working directory will be /tmp
-      script = ''
+      script = (if (lockfileName == null) then lib.id else wrapInFlock "${lockdir}${lockfileName}") ''
         ${optionalString data.enableDebugLogs "set -x"}
         set -euo pipefail
 
@@ -755,6 +808,17 @@ in {
           }
         '';
       };
+      maxConcurrentRenewals = mkOption {
+        default = 5;
+        type = types.int;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Maximum number of concurrent certificate generation or renewal jobs. All other
+          jobs will queue and wait running jobs to finish. Reduces the system load of
+          certificate generation.
+
+          Set to `0` to allow unlimited number of concurrent job runs."
+          '';
+      };
     };
   };
 
@@ -875,12 +939,28 @@ in {
 
       users.groups.acme = {};
 
-      systemd.services = {
-        "acme-fixperms" = userMigrationService;
-      } // (mapAttrs' (cert: conf: nameValuePair "acme-${cert}" conf.renewService) certConfigs)
+      # for lock files, still use tmpfiles as they should better reside in /run
+      systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [
+        "d ${lockdir} 0700 ${user} - - -"
+        "Z ${lockdir} 0700 ${user} - - -"
+      ];
+
+      systemd.services = let
+        renewServiceFunctions = mapAttrs' (cert: conf: nameValuePair "acme-${cert}" conf.renewService) certConfigs;
+        renewServices =  if cfg.maxConcurrentRenewals > 0
+          then roundRobinApplyAttrs renewServiceFunctions concurrencyLockfiles
+          else mapAttrs (_: f: f null) renewServiceFunctions;
+        selfsignServiceFunctions = mapAttrs' (cert: conf: nameValuePair "acme-selfsigned-${cert}" conf.selfsignService) certConfigs;
+        selfsignServices = if cfg.maxConcurrentRenewals > 0
+          then roundRobinApplyAttrs selfsignServiceFunctions concurrencyLockfiles
+          else mapAttrs (_: f: f null) selfsignServiceFunctions;
+        in
+        { "acme-fixperms" = userMigrationService; }
+        // (optionalAttrs (cfg.maxConcurrentRenewals > 0) {"acme-lockfiles" = lockfilePrepareService; })
+        // renewServices
         // (optionalAttrs (cfg.preliminarySelfsigned) ({
         "acme-selfsigned-ca" = selfsignCAService;
-      } // (mapAttrs' (cert: conf: nameValuePair "acme-selfsigned-${cert}" conf.selfsignService) certConfigs)));
+      } // selfsignServices));
 
       systemd.timers = mapAttrs' (cert: conf: nameValuePair "acme-${cert}" conf.renewTimer) certConfigs;
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix b/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix
index a431817fe1bb3..d83259ccbebc1 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix
@@ -1303,7 +1303,7 @@ in
 
     security.pam.enableEcryptfs = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "eCryptfs PAM module (mounting ecryptfs home directory on login)");
     security.pam.enableFscrypt = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc ''
-      Enables fscrypt to automatically unlock directories with the user's login password.
+      fscrypt to automatically unlock directories with the user's login password.
 
       This also enables a service at security.pam.services.fscrypt which is used by
       fscrypt to verify the user's password when setting up a new protector. If you
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/sudo.nix b/nixos/modules/security/sudo.nix
index 9ac91bd0d3686..d225442773c69 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/sudo.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/sudo.nix
@@ -192,6 +192,10 @@ in
   ###### implementation
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+    assertions = [
+      { assertion = cfg.package.pname != "sudo-rs";
+        message = "The NixOS `sudo` module does not work with `sudo-rs` yet."; }
+    ];
 
     # We `mkOrder 600` so that the default rule shows up first, but there is
     # still enough room for a user to `mkBefore` it.
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/default.nix b/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/default.nix
index 12255d8392fe9..ad65f80bb2ca5 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/default.nix
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ let
 
   parentWrapperDir = dirOf wrapperDir;
 
-  securityWrapper = pkgs.callPackage ./wrapper.nix {
-    inherit parentWrapperDir;
+  securityWrapper = sourceProg : pkgs.callPackage ./wrapper.nix {
+    inherit sourceProg;
   };
 
   fileModeType =
@@ -91,8 +91,7 @@ let
     , ...
     }:
     ''
-      cp ${securityWrapper}/bin/security-wrapper "$wrapperDir/${program}"
-      echo -n "${source}" > "$wrapperDir/${program}.real"
+      cp ${securityWrapper source}/bin/security-wrapper "$wrapperDir/${program}"
 
       # Prevent races
       chmod 0000 "$wrapperDir/${program}"
@@ -119,8 +118,7 @@ let
     , ...
     }:
     ''
-      cp ${securityWrapper}/bin/security-wrapper "$wrapperDir/${program}"
-      echo -n "${source}" > "$wrapperDir/${program}.real"
+      cp ${securityWrapper source}/bin/security-wrapper "$wrapperDir/${program}"
 
       # Prevent races
       chmod 0000 "$wrapperDir/${program}"
@@ -248,11 +246,13 @@ in
       export PATH="${wrapperDir}:$PATH"
     '';
 
-    security.apparmor.includes."nixos/security.wrappers" = ''
-      include "${pkgs.apparmorRulesFromClosure { name="security.wrappers"; } [
-        securityWrapper
+    security.apparmor.includes = lib.mapAttrs' (wrapName: wrap: lib.nameValuePair
+     "nixos/security.wrappers/${wrapName}" ''
+      include "${pkgs.apparmorRulesFromClosure { name="security.wrappers.${wrapName}"; } [
+        (securityWrapper wrap.source)
       ]}"
-    '';
+      mrpx ${wrap.source},
+    '') wrappers;
 
     ###### wrappers activation script
     system.activationScripts.wrappers =
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.c b/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.c
index 17776a97af81e..2cf1727a31c8c 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.c
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.c
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@
 #include <syscall.h>
 #include <byteswap.h>
 
+#ifndef SOURCE_PROG
+#error SOURCE_PROG should be defined via preprocessor commandline
+#endif
+
 // aborts when false, printing the failed expression
 #define ASSERT(expr) ((expr) ? (void) 0 : assert_failure(#expr))
 // aborts when returns non-zero, printing the failed expression and errno
@@ -24,10 +28,6 @@
 
 extern char **environ;
 
-// The WRAPPER_DIR macro is supplied at compile time so that it cannot
-// be changed at runtime
-static char *wrapper_dir = WRAPPER_DIR;
-
 // Wrapper debug variable name
 static char *wrapper_debug = "WRAPPER_DEBUG";
 
@@ -151,115 +151,20 @@ static int make_caps_ambient(const char *self_path) {
     return 0;
 }
 
-int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
-    size_t l = FILENAME_MAX+1;
-    int r;
-
-    for (;;) {
-        char *c = calloc(l, sizeof(char));
-        if (!c) {
-            return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        ssize_t n = readlink(p, c, l-1);
-        if (n < 0) {
-            r = -errno;
-            free(c);
-            return r;
-        }
-
-        if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
-            c[n] = 0;
-            *ret = c;
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        free(c);
-        l *= 2;
-    }
-}
-
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     ASSERT(argc >= 1);
-    char *self_path = NULL;
-    int self_path_size = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", &self_path);
-    if (self_path_size < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "cannot readlink /proc/self/exe: %s", strerror(-self_path_size));
-    }
-
-    unsigned int ruid, euid, suid, rgid, egid, sgid;
-    MUSTSUCCEED(getresuid(&ruid, &euid, &suid));
-    MUSTSUCCEED(getresgid(&rgid, &egid, &sgid));
-
-    // If true, then we did not benefit from setuid privilege escalation,
-    // where the original uid is still in ruid and different from euid == suid.
-    int didnt_suid = (ruid == euid) && (euid == suid);
-    // If true, then we did not benefit from setgid privilege escalation
-    int didnt_sgid = (rgid == egid) && (egid == sgid);
-
-
-    // Make sure that we are being executed from the right location,
-    // i.e., `safe_wrapper_dir'.  This is to prevent someone from creating
-    // hard link `X' from some other location, along with a false
-    // `X.real' file, to allow arbitrary programs from being executed
-    // with elevated capabilities.
-    int len = strlen(wrapper_dir);
-    if (len > 0 && '/' == wrapper_dir[len - 1])
-      --len;
-    ASSERT(!strncmp(self_path, wrapper_dir, len));
-    ASSERT('/' == wrapper_dir[0]);
-    ASSERT('/' == self_path[len]);
-
-    // If we got privileges with the fs set[ug]id bit, check that the privilege we
-    // got matches the one one we expected, ie that our effective uid/gid
-    // matches the uid/gid of `self_path`. This ensures that we were executed as
-    // `self_path', and not, say, as some other setuid program.
-    // We don't check that if we did not benefit from the set[ug]id bit, as
-    // can be the case in nosuid mounts or user namespaces.
-    struct stat st;
-    ASSERT(lstat(self_path, &st) != -1);
-
-    // if the wrapper gained privilege with suid, check that we got the uid of the file owner
-    ASSERT(!((st.st_mode & S_ISUID) && !didnt_suid) || (st.st_uid == euid));
-    // if the wrapper gained privilege with sgid, check that we got the gid of the file group
-    ASSERT(!((st.st_mode & S_ISGID) && !didnt_sgid) || (st.st_gid == egid));
-    // same, but with suid instead of euid
-    ASSERT(!((st.st_mode & S_ISUID) && !didnt_suid) || (st.st_uid == suid));
-    ASSERT(!((st.st_mode & S_ISGID) && !didnt_sgid) || (st.st_gid == sgid));
-
-    // And, of course, we shouldn't be writable.
-    ASSERT(!(st.st_mode & (S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH)));
-
-    // Read the path of the real (wrapped) program from <self>.real.
-    char real_fn[PATH_MAX + 10];
-    int real_fn_size = snprintf(real_fn, sizeof(real_fn), "%s.real", self_path);
-    ASSERT(real_fn_size < sizeof(real_fn));
-
-    int fd_self = open(real_fn, O_RDONLY);
-    ASSERT(fd_self != -1);
-
-    char source_prog[PATH_MAX];
-    len = read(fd_self, source_prog, PATH_MAX);
-    ASSERT(len != -1);
-    ASSERT(len < sizeof(source_prog));
-    ASSERT(len > 0);
-    source_prog[len] = 0;
-
-    close(fd_self);
 
     // Read the capabilities set on the wrapper and raise them in to
     // the ambient set so the program we're wrapping receives the
     // capabilities too!
-    if (make_caps_ambient(self_path) != 0) {
-        free(self_path);
+    if (make_caps_ambient("/proc/self/exe") != 0) {
         return 1;
     }
-    free(self_path);
 
-    execve(source_prog, argv, environ);
+    execve(SOURCE_PROG, argv, environ);
     
     fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot run `%s': %s\n",
-        argv[0], source_prog, strerror(errno));
+        argv[0], SOURCE_PROG, strerror(errno));
 
     return 1;
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.nix b/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.nix
index e3620fb222d2c..aec43412404ea 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.nix
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-{ stdenv, linuxHeaders, parentWrapperDir, debug ? false }:
+{ stdenv, linuxHeaders, sourceProg, debug ? false }:
 # For testing:
 # $ nix-build -E 'with import <nixpkgs> {}; pkgs.callPackage ./wrapper.nix { parentWrapperDir = "/run/wrappers"; debug = true; }'
 stdenv.mkDerivation {
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation {
   dontUnpack = true;
   hardeningEnable = [ "pie" ];
   CFLAGS = [
-    ''-DWRAPPER_DIR="${parentWrapperDir}"''
+    ''-DSOURCE_PROG="${sourceProg}"''
   ] ++ (if debug then [
     "-Werror" "-Og" "-g"
   ] else [
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/backup/duplicati.nix b/nixos/modules/services/backup/duplicati.nix
index 007396ebfc9b4..9b422635e7f08 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/backup/duplicati.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/backup/duplicati.nix
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ in
     services.duplicati = {
       enable = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "Duplicati");
 
+      package = mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "duplicati" { };
+
       port = mkOption {
         default = 8200;
         type = types.port;
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ in
   };
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
-    environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.duplicati ];
+    environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
 
     systemd.services.duplicati = {
       description = "Duplicati backup";
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ in
         {
           User = cfg.user;
           Group = "duplicati";
-          ExecStart = "${pkgs.duplicati}/bin/duplicati-server --webservice-interface=${cfg.interface} --webservice-port=${toString cfg.port} --server-datafolder=${cfg.dataDir}";
+          ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/duplicati-server --webservice-interface=${cfg.interface} --webservice-port=${toString cfg.port} --server-datafolder=${cfg.dataDir}";
           Restart = "on-failure";
         }
         (mkIf (cfg.dataDir == "/var/lib/duplicati") {
@@ -83,4 +85,3 @@ in
 
   };
 }
-
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/backup/restic.nix b/nixos/modules/services/backup/restic.nix
index 6f4cbab817267..78220e99c3d1f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/backup/restic.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/backup/restic.nix
@@ -260,6 +260,16 @@ in
             Restic package to use.
           '';
         };
+
+        createWrapper = lib.mkOption {
+          type = lib.types.bool;
+          default = true;
+          description = ''
+            Whether to generate and add a script to the system path, that has the same environment variables set
+            as the systemd service. This can be used to e.g. mount snapshots or perform other opterations, without
+            having to manually specify most options.
+          '';
+        };
       };
     }));
     default = { };
@@ -316,7 +326,8 @@ in
           in
           nameValuePair "restic-backups-${name}" ({
             environment = {
-              RESTIC_CACHE_DIR = "%C/restic-backups-${name}";
+              # not %C, because that wouldn't work in the wrapper script
+              RESTIC_CACHE_DIR = "/var/cache/restic-backups-${name}";
               RESTIC_PASSWORD_FILE = backup.passwordFile;
               RESTIC_REPOSITORY = backup.repository;
               RESTIC_REPOSITORY_FILE = backup.repositoryFile;
@@ -331,7 +342,7 @@ in
                 nameValuePair (rcloneAttrToConf name) (toRcloneVal value)
               )
               backup.rcloneConfig);
-            path = [ pkgs.openssh ];
+            path = [ config.programs.ssh.package ];
             restartIfChanged = false;
             wants = [ "network-online.target" ];
             after = [ "network-online.target" ];
@@ -378,5 +389,22 @@ in
           timerConfig = backup.timerConfig;
         })
         config.services.restic.backups;
+
+    # generate wrapper scripts, as described in the createWrapper option
+    environment.systemPackages = lib.mapAttrsToList (name: backup: let
+      extraOptions = lib.concatMapStrings (arg: " -o ${arg}") backup.extraOptions;
+      resticCmd = "${backup.package}/bin/restic${extraOptions}";
+    in pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "restic-${name}" ''
+      set -a  # automatically export variables
+      ${lib.optionalString (backup.environmentFile != null) "source ${backup.environmentFile}"}
+      # set same environment variables as the systemd service
+      ${lib.pipe config.systemd.services."restic-backups-${name}".environment [
+        (lib.filterAttrs (_: v: v != null))
+        (lib.mapAttrsToList (n: v: "${n}=${v}"))
+        (lib.concatStringsSep "\n")
+      ]}
+
+      exec ${resticCmd} $@
+    '') (lib.filterAttrs (_: v: v.createWrapper) config.services.restic.backups);
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix
index 595374ea1e5b3..b4b997201c8f5 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix
@@ -272,7 +272,13 @@ in {
         Group = cfg.group;
         WorkingDirectory = cfg.home;
         # NOTE: call twistd directly with stdout logging for systemd
-        ExecStart = "${python.pkgs.twisted}/bin/twistd -o --nodaemon --pidfile= --logfile - --python ${tacFile}";
+        ExecStart = "${python.pkgs.twisted}/bin/twistd -o --nodaemon --pidfile= --logfile - --python ${cfg.buildbotDir}/buildbot.tac";
+        # To reload on upgrade, set the following in your configuration:
+        # systemd.services.buildbot-master.reloadIfChanged = true;
+        ExecReload = [
+          "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/ln -sf ${tacFile} ${cfg.buildbotDir}/buildbot.tac"
+          "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID"
+        ];
       };
     };
   };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/hail.nix b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/hail.nix
deleted file mode 100644
index 62e8b8077c079..0000000000000
--- a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/hail.nix
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-{ config, lib, pkgs, ...}:
-
-with lib;
-
-let
-  cfg = config.services.hail;
-in {
-
-
-  ###### interface
-
-  options.services.hail = {
-    enable = mkOption {
-      type = types.bool;
-      default = false;
-      description = lib.mdDoc ''
-        Enables the Hail Auto Update Service. Hail can automatically deploy artifacts
-        built by a Hydra Continuous Integration server. A common use case is to provide
-        continuous deployment for single services or a full NixOS configuration.'';
-    };
-    profile = mkOption {
-      type = types.str;
-      default = "hail-profile";
-      description = lib.mdDoc "The name of the Nix profile used by Hail.";
-    };
-    hydraJobUri = mkOption {
-      type = types.str;
-      description = lib.mdDoc "The URI of the Hydra Job.";
-    };
-    netrc = mkOption {
-      type = types.nullOr types.path;
-      description = lib.mdDoc "The netrc file to use when fetching data from Hydra.";
-      default = null;
-    };
-    package = mkOption {
-      type = types.package;
-      default = pkgs.haskellPackages.hail;
-      defaultText = literalExpression "pkgs.haskellPackages.hail";
-      description = lib.mdDoc "Hail package to use.";
-    };
-  };
-
-
-  ###### implementation
-
-  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
-    systemd.services.hail = {
-      description = "Hail Auto Update Service";
-      wants = [ "network-online.target" ];
-      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      path = with pkgs; [ nix ];
-      environment = {
-        HOME = "/var/lib/empty";
-      };
-      serviceConfig = {
-        ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/hail --profile ${cfg.profile} --job-uri ${cfg.hydraJobUri}"
-          + lib.optionalString (cfg.netrc != null) " --netrc-file ${cfg.netrc}";
-      };
-    };
-  };
-}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/woodpecker/agents.nix b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/woodpecker/agents.nix
index cc5b903afd595..3b883c72ff07f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/woodpecker/agents.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/woodpecker/agents.nix
@@ -35,6 +35,16 @@ let
         '';
       };
 
+      path = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.listOf lib.types.package;
+        default = [ ];
+        example = [ "" ];
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Additional packages that should be added to the agent's `PATH`.
+          Mostly useful for the `local` backend.
+        '';
+      };
+
       environmentFile = lib.mkOption {
         type = lib.types.listOf lib.types.path;
         default = [ ];
@@ -94,7 +104,7 @@ let
           "-/etc/localtime"
         ];
       };
-      inherit (agentCfg) environment;
+      inherit (agentCfg) environment path;
     };
   };
 in
@@ -106,28 +116,41 @@ in
       agents = lib.mkOption {
         default = { };
         type = lib.types.attrsOf agentModule;
-        example = {
-          docker = {
-            environment = {
-              WOODPECKER_SERVER = "localhost:9000";
-              WOODPECKER_BACKEND = "docker";
-              DOCKER_HOST = "unix:///run/podman/podman.sock";
+        example = lib.literalExpression ''
+          {
+            podman = {
+              environment = {
+                WOODPECKER_SERVER = "localhost:9000";
+                WOODPECKER_BACKEND = "docker";
+                DOCKER_HOST = "unix:///run/podman/podman.sock";
+              };
+
+              extraGroups = [ "podman" ];
+
+              environmentFile = [ "/run/secrets/woodpecker/agent-secret.txt" ];
             };
 
-            extraGroups = [ "docker" ];
+            exec = {
+              environment = {
+                WOODPECKER_SERVER = "localhost:9000";
+                WOODPECKER_BACKEND = "local";
+              };
 
-            environmentFile = "/run/secrets/woodpecker/agent-secret.txt";
-          };
+              environmentFile = [ "/run/secrets/woodpecker/agent-secret.txt" ];
 
-          exec = {
-            environment = {
-              WOODPECKER_SERVER = "localhost:9000";
-              WOODPECKER_BACKEND = "exec";
+              path = [
+                # Needed to clone repos
+                git
+                git-lfs
+                woodpecker-plugin-git
+                # Used by the runner as the default shell
+                bash
+                # Most likely to be used in pipeline definitions
+                coreutils
+              ];
             };
-
-            environmentFile = "/run/secrets/woodpecker/agent-secret.txt";
-          };
-        };
+          }
+        '';
         description = lib.mdDoc "woodpecker-agents configurations";
       };
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/databases/surrealdb.nix b/nixos/modules/services/databases/surrealdb.nix
index 050a5336cb4c6..28bd97cd731ea 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/databases/surrealdb.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/databases/surrealdb.nix
@@ -47,17 +47,13 @@ in {
         example = 8000;
       };
 
-      userNamePath = mkOption {
-        type = types.path;
+      extraFlags = mkOption {
+        type = types.listOf types.str;
+        default = [];
+        example = [ "--allow-all" "--auth" "--user root" "--pass root" ];
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
-          Path to read the username from.
-        '';
-      };
-
-      passwordPath = mkOption {
-        type = types.path;
-        description = lib.mdDoc ''
-          Path to read the password from.
+          Specify a list of additional command line flags,
+          which get escaped and are then passed to surrealdb.
         '';
       };
     };
@@ -73,19 +69,8 @@ in {
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       after = [ "network.target" ];
 
-      script = ''
-        ${cfg.package}/bin/surreal start \
-          --user $(${pkgs.systemd}/bin/systemd-creds cat SURREALDB_USERNAME) \
-          --pass $(${pkgs.systemd}/bin/systemd-creds cat SURREALDB_PASSWORD) \
-          --bind ${cfg.host}:${toString cfg.port} \
-          -- ${cfg.dbPath}
-      '';
       serviceConfig = {
-        LoadCredential = [
-          "SURREALDB_USERNAME:${cfg.userNamePath}"
-          "SURREALDB_PASSWORD:${cfg.passwordPath}"
-        ];
-
+        ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/surreal start --bind ${cfg.host}:${toString cfg.port} ${escapeShellArgs cfg.extraFlags} -- ${cfg.dbPath}";
         DynamicUser = true;
         Restart = "on-failure";
         StateDirectory = "surrealdb";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/auto-cpufreq.nix b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/auto-cpufreq.nix
index fd2e03ef12f5d..cf27bdd8b6eb7 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/auto-cpufreq.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/auto-cpufreq.nix
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ in {
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
           Configuration for `auto-cpufreq`.
 
-          See its [example configuration file] for supported settings.
-          [example configuration file]: https://github.com/AdnanHodzic/auto-cpufreq/blob/master/auto-cpufreq.conf-example
+          The available options can be found in [the example configuration file](https://github.com/AdnanHodzic/auto-cpufreq/blob/v${pkgs.auto-cpufreq.version}/auto-cpufreq.conf-example).
           '';
 
         default = {};
@@ -35,6 +34,7 @@ in {
         wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
         path = with pkgs; [ bash coreutils ];
 
+        serviceConfig.WorkingDirectory = "";
         serviceConfig.ExecStart = [
           ""
           "${lib.getExe pkgs.auto-cpufreq} --daemon --config ${cfgFile}"
@@ -42,4 +42,7 @@ in {
       };
     };
   };
+
+  # uses attributes of the linked package
+  meta.buildDocsInSandbox = false;
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/openrgb.nix b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/openrgb.nix
index 310615ecc5396..13b1d07e53b7d 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/openrgb.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/openrgb.nix
@@ -17,7 +17,14 @@ in {
 
     motherboard = mkOption {
       type = types.nullOr (types.enum [ "amd" "intel" ]);
-      default = null;
+      default = if config.hardware.cpu.intel.updateMicrocode then "intel"
+        else if config.hardware.cpu.amd.updateMicrocode then "amd"
+        else null;
+      defaultText = literalMD ''
+        if config.hardware.cpu.intel.updateMicrocode then "intel"
+        else if config.hardware.cpu.amd.updateMicrocode then "amd"
+        else null;
+      '';
       description = lib.mdDoc "CPU family of motherboard. Allows for addition motherboard i2c support.";
     };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/zigbee2mqtt.nix b/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/zigbee2mqtt.nix
index 796de3a491e49..6b5bd8a0d9bbc 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/zigbee2mqtt.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/zigbee2mqtt.nix
@@ -66,9 +66,10 @@ in
         server = mkDefault "mqtt://localhost:1883";
       };
       serial.port = mkDefault "/dev/ttyACM0";
-      # reference device configuration, that is kept in a separate file
+      # reference device/group configuration, that is kept in a separate file
       # to prevent it being overwritten in the units ExecStartPre script
       devices = mkDefault "devices.yaml";
+      groups = mkDefault "groups.yaml";
     };
 
     systemd.services.zigbee2mqtt = {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/logging/logrotate.nix b/nixos/modules/services/logging/logrotate.nix
index 342ac5ec6e049..ba1445f083975 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/logging/logrotate.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/logging/logrotate.nix
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+{ config, lib, pkgs, utils, ... }:
 
 with lib;
 
@@ -220,6 +220,12 @@ in
           in this case you can disable the failing check with this option.
         '';
       };
+
+      extraArgs = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.listOf lib.types.str;
+        default = [];
+        description = "Additional command line arguments to pass on logrotate invocation";
+      };
     };
   };
 
@@ -231,7 +237,7 @@ in
       serviceConfig = {
         Restart = "no";
         User = "root";
-        ExecStart = "${pkgs.logrotate}/sbin/logrotate ${mailOption} ${cfg.configFile}";
+        ExecStart = "${pkgs.logrotate}/sbin/logrotate ${utils.escapeSystemdExecArgs cfg.extraArgs} ${mailOption} ${cfg.configFile}";
       };
     };
     systemd.services.logrotate-checkconf = {
@@ -240,7 +246,7 @@ in
       serviceConfig = {
         Type = "oneshot";
         RemainAfterExit = true;
-        ExecStart = "${pkgs.logrotate}/sbin/logrotate --debug ${cfg.configFile}";
+        ExecStart = "${pkgs.logrotate}/sbin/logrotate ${utils.escapeSystemdExecArgs cfg.extraArgs} --debug ${cfg.configFile}";
       };
     };
   };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/mail/listmonk.nix b/nixos/modules/services/mail/listmonk.nix
index 251362fdd89d3..11b2a5186229b 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/mail/listmonk.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/mail/listmonk.nix
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ let
 
       smtp = mkOption {
         type = listOf (submodule {
-          freeformType = with types; attrsOf (oneOf [ str int bool ]);
+          freeformType = with types; attrsOf anything;
 
           options = {
             enabled = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "this SMTP server for listmonk");
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ let
       # TODO: refine this type based on the smtp one.
       "bounce.mailboxes" = mkOption {
         type = listOf
-          (submodule { freeformType = with types; oneOf [ str int bool ]; });
+          (submodule { freeformType = with types; listOf (attrsOf anything); });
         default = [ ];
         description = lib.mdDoc "List of bounce mailboxes";
       };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/mail/stalwart-mail.nix b/nixos/modules/services/mail/stalwart-mail.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..eb87d9f6f695e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/mail/stalwart-mail.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+  cfg = config.services.stalwart-mail;
+  configFormat = pkgs.formats.toml { };
+  configFile = configFormat.generate "stalwart-mail.toml" cfg.settings;
+  dataDir = "/var/lib/stalwart-mail";
+
+in {
+  options.services.stalwart-mail = {
+    enable = mkEnableOption (mdDoc "the Stalwart all-in-one email server");
+    package = mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "stalwart-mail" { };
+
+    settings = mkOption {
+      inherit (configFormat) type;
+      default = { };
+      description = mdDoc ''
+        Configuration options for the Stalwart email server.
+        See <https://stalw.art/docs/category/configuration> for available options.
+
+        By default, the module is configured to store everything locally.
+      '';
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+    # Default config: all local
+    services.stalwart-mail.settings = {
+      global.tracing.method = mkDefault "stdout";
+      global.tracing.level = mkDefault "info";
+      queue.path = mkDefault "${dataDir}/queue";
+      report.path = mkDefault "${dataDir}/reports";
+      store.db.path = mkDefault "${dataDir}/data/index.sqlite3";
+      store.blob.type = mkDefault "local";
+      store.blob.local.path = mkDefault "${dataDir}/data/blobs";
+      resolver.type = mkDefault "system";
+    };
+
+    systemd.services.stalwart-mail = {
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      after = [ "local-fs.target" "network.target" ];
+
+      preStart = ''
+        mkdir -p ${dataDir}/{queue,reports,data/blobs}
+      '';
+
+      serviceConfig = {
+        ExecStart =
+          "${cfg.package}/bin/stalwart-mail --config=${configFile}";
+
+        # Base from template resources/systemd/stalwart-mail.service
+        Type = "simple";
+        LimitNOFILE = 65536;
+        KillMode = "process";
+        KillSignal = "SIGINT";
+        Restart = "on-failure";
+        RestartSec = 5;
+        StandardOutput = "syslog";
+        StandardError = "syslog";
+        SyslogIdentifier = "stalwart-mail";
+
+        DynamicUser = true;
+        User = "stalwart-mail";
+        StateDirectory = "stalwart-mail";
+
+        # Bind standard privileged ports
+        AmbientCapabilities = [ "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE" ];
+        CapabilityBoundingSet = [ "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE" ];
+
+        # Hardening
+        DeviceAllow = [ "" ];
+        LockPersonality = true;
+        MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
+        PrivateDevices = true;
+        PrivateUsers = false;  # incompatible with CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
+        ProcSubset = "pid";
+        PrivateTmp = true;
+        ProtectClock = true;
+        ProtectControlGroups = true;
+        ProtectHome = true;
+        ProtectHostname = true;
+        ProtectKernelLogs = true;
+        ProtectKernelModules = true;
+        ProtectKernelTunables = true;
+        ProtectProc = "invisible";
+        ProtectSystem = "strict";
+        RestrictAddressFamilies = [ "AF_INET" "AF_INET6" ];
+        RestrictNamespaces = true;
+        RestrictRealtime = true;
+        RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
+        SystemCallArchitectures = "native";
+        SystemCallFilter = [ "@system-service" "~@privileged" ];
+        UMask = "0077";
+      };
+    };
+
+    # Make admin commands available in the shell
+    environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
+  };
+
+  meta = {
+    maintainers = with maintainers; [ happysalada pacien ];
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/matrix/mautrix-telegram.nix b/nixos/modules/services/matrix/mautrix-telegram.nix
index 17032ed808e93..97a6ba858e004 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/matrix/mautrix-telegram.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/matrix/mautrix-telegram.nix
@@ -159,7 +159,6 @@ in {
         if [ ! -f '${registrationFile}' ]; then
           ${pkgs.mautrix-telegram}/bin/mautrix-telegram \
             --generate-registration \
-            --base-config='${pkgs.mautrix-telegram}/${pkgs.mautrix-telegram.pythonModule.sitePackages}/mautrix_telegram/example-config.yaml' \
             --config='${settingsFile}' \
             --registration='${registrationFile}'
         fi
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/matrix/mautrix-whatsapp.nix b/nixos/modules/services/matrix/mautrix-whatsapp.nix
index 80c85980196f3..c4dc482134956 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/matrix/mautrix-whatsapp.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/matrix/mautrix-whatsapp.nix
@@ -11,53 +11,47 @@
   settingsFileUnsubstituted = settingsFormat.generate "mautrix-whatsapp-config-unsubstituted.json" cfg.settings;
   settingsFormat = pkgs.formats.json {};
   appservicePort = 29318;
+
+  mkDefaults = lib.mapAttrsRecursive (n: v: lib.mkDefault v);
+  defaultConfig = {
+    homeserver.address = "http://localhost:8448";
+    appservice = {
+      hostname = "[::]";
+      port = appservicePort;
+      database.type = "sqlite3";
+      database.uri = "${dataDir}/mautrix-whatsapp.db";
+      id = "whatsapp";
+      bot.username = "whatsappbot";
+      bot.displayname = "WhatsApp Bridge Bot";
+      as_token = "";
+      hs_token = "";
+    };
+    bridge = {
+      username_template = "whatsapp_{{.}}";
+      displayname_template = "{{if .BusinessName}}{{.BusinessName}}{{else if .PushName}}{{.PushName}}{{else}}{{.JID}}{{end}} (WA)";
+      double_puppet_server_map = {};
+      login_shared_secret_map = {};
+      command_prefix = "!wa";
+      permissions."*" = "relay";
+      relay.enabled = true;
+    };
+    logging = {
+      min_level = "info";
+      writers = lib.singleton {
+        type = "stdout";
+        format = "pretty-colored";
+        time_format = " ";
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
 in {
-  imports = [];
   options.services.mautrix-whatsapp = {
-    enable = lib.mkEnableOption "mautrix-whatsapp, a puppeting/relaybot bridge between Matrix and WhatsApp.";
+    enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "mautrix-whatsapp, a puppeting/relaybot bridge between Matrix and WhatsApp.");
 
     settings = lib.mkOption {
       type = settingsFormat.type;
-      default = {
-        appservice = {
-          address = "http://localhost:${toString appservicePort}";
-          hostname = "[::]";
-          port = appservicePort;
-          database = {
-            type = "sqlite3";
-            uri = "${dataDir}/mautrix-whatsapp.db";
-          };
-          id = "whatsapp";
-          bot = {
-            username = "whatsappbot";
-            displayname = "WhatsApp Bridge Bot";
-          };
-          as_token = "";
-          hs_token = "";
-        };
-        bridge = {
-          username_template = "whatsapp_{{.}}";
-          displayname_template = "{{if .BusinessName}}{{.BusinessName}}{{else if .PushName}}{{.PushName}}{{else}}{{.JID}}{{end}} (WA)";
-          double_puppet_server_map = {};
-          login_shared_secret_map = {};
-          command_prefix = "!wa";
-          permissions."*" = "relay";
-          relay.enabled = true;
-        };
-        logging = {
-          min_level = "info";
-          writers = [
-            {
-              type = "stdout";
-              format = "pretty-colored";
-            }
-            {
-              type = "file";
-              format = "json";
-            }
-          ];
-        };
-      };
+      default = defaultConfig;
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
         {file}`config.yaml` configuration as a Nix attribute set.
         Configuration options should match those described in
@@ -117,10 +111,22 @@ in {
   };
 
   config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
-    services.mautrix-whatsapp.settings = {
-      homeserver.domain = lib.mkDefault config.services.matrix-synapse.settings.server_name;
+
+    users.users.mautrix-whatsapp = {
+      isSystemUser = true;
+      group = "mautrix-whatsapp";
+      home = dataDir;
+      description = "Mautrix-WhatsApp bridge user";
     };
 
+    users.groups.mautrix-whatsapp = {};
+
+    services.mautrix-whatsapp.settings = lib.mkMerge (map mkDefaults [
+      defaultConfig
+      # Note: this is defined here to avoid the docs depending on `config`
+      { homeserver.domain = config.services.matrix-synapse.settings.server_name; }
+    ]);
+
     systemd.services.mautrix-whatsapp = {
       description = "Mautrix-WhatsApp Service - A WhatsApp bridge for Matrix";
 
@@ -158,10 +164,11 @@ in {
       '';
 
       serviceConfig = {
-        DynamicUser = true;
+        User = "mautrix-whatsapp";
+        Group = "mautrix-whatsapp";
         EnvironmentFile = cfg.environmentFile;
         StateDirectory = baseNameOf dataDir;
-        WorkingDirectory = "${dataDir}";
+        WorkingDirectory = dataDir;
         ExecStart = ''
           ${pkgs.mautrix-whatsapp}/bin/mautrix-whatsapp \
           --config='${settingsFile}' \
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/atuin.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/atuin.nix
index 57ff02df7d68b..8d2c1b5242ffa 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/atuin.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/atuin.nix
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ in
 {
   options = {
     services.atuin = {
-      enable = lib.mkEnableOption (mdDoc "Enable server for shell history sync with atuin");
+      enable = lib.mkEnableOption (mdDoc "Atuin server for shell history sync");
 
       openRegistration = mkOption {
         type = types.bool;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/cfdyndns.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/cfdyndns.nix
index 9cd8b188ffaec..5a02de2aad213 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/cfdyndns.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/cfdyndns.nix
@@ -23,6 +23,15 @@ in
         '';
       };
 
+      apiTokenFile = mkOption {
+        default = null;
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          The path to a file containing the API Token
+          used to authenticate with CloudFlare.
+        '';
+      };
+
       apikeyFile = mkOption {
         default = null;
         type = types.nullOr types.str;
@@ -55,12 +64,15 @@ in
         Group = config.ids.gids.cfdyndns;
       };
       environment = {
-        CLOUDFLARE_EMAIL="${cfg.email}";
         CLOUDFLARE_RECORDS="${concatStringsSep "," cfg.records}";
       };
       script = ''
         ${optionalString (cfg.apikeyFile != null) ''
           export CLOUDFLARE_APIKEY="$(cat ${escapeShellArg cfg.apikeyFile})"
+          export CLOUDFLARE_EMAIL="${cfg.email}"
+        ''}
+        ${optionalString (cfg.apiTokenFile != null) ''
+          export CLOUDFLARE_APITOKEN="$(cat ${escapeShellArg cfg.apiTokenFile})"
         ''}
         ${pkgs.cfdyndns}/bin/cfdyndns
       '';
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix
index c5e38b4988298..b399ccc38f58d 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix
@@ -1088,6 +1088,11 @@ in {
         ''Support for container registries other than gitlab-container-registry has ended since GitLab 16.0.0 and is scheduled for removal in a future release.
           Please back up your data and migrate to the gitlab-container-registry package.''
       )
+      (mkIf
+        (versionAtLeast (getVersion cfg.packages.gitlab) "16.2.0" && versionOlder (getVersion cfg.packages.gitlab) "16.5.0")
+        ''GitLab instances created or updated between versions [15.11.0, 15.11.2] have an incorrect database schema.
+        Check the upstream documentation for a workaround: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/update/versions/gitlab_16_changes.html#undefined-column-error-upgrading-to-162-or-later''
+      )
     ];
 
     assertions = [
@@ -1655,7 +1660,7 @@ in {
         Restart = "on-failure";
         WorkingDirectory = "${cfg.packages.gitlab}/share/gitlab";
         ExecStart = concatStringsSep " " [
-          "${cfg.packages.gitlab.rubyEnv}/bin/puma"
+          "${cfg.packages.gitlab.rubyEnv}/bin/bundle" "exec" "puma"
           "-e production"
           "-C ${cfg.statePath}/config/puma.rb"
           "-w ${cfg.puma.workers}"
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/mimir.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/mimir.nix
index edca9b7be4ff0..6ed139b229748 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/mimir.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/mimir.nix
@@ -32,11 +32,21 @@ in {
       type = types.package;
       description = lib.mdDoc ''Mimir package to use.'';
     };
+
+    extraFlags = mkOption {
+      type = types.listOf types.str;
+      default = [];
+      example = [ "--config.expand-env=true" ];
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        Specify a list of additional command line flags,
+        which get escaped and are then passed to Mimir.
+      '';
+    };
   };
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
     # for mimirtool
-    environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.mimir ];
+    environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
 
     assertions = [{
       assertion = (
@@ -60,7 +70,7 @@ in {
                else cfg.configFile;
       in
       {
-        ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/mimir --config.file=${conf}";
+        ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/mimir --config.file=${conf} ${escapeShellArgs cfg.extraFlags}";
         DynamicUser = true;
         Restart = "always";
         ProtectSystem = "full";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/dae.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/dae.nix
index 231c555b33030..42ed3c7f8d4aa 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/dae.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/dae.nix
@@ -1,41 +1,161 @@
-{ config, pkgs, lib, ... }:
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
 let
   cfg = config.services.dae;
+  assets = cfg.assets;
+  genAssetsDrv = paths: pkgs.symlinkJoin {
+    name = "dae-assets";
+    inherit paths;
+  };
 in
 {
-  meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ pokon548 ];
+  meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ pokon548 oluceps ];
 
   options = {
-    services.dae = {
-      enable = lib.options.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "the dae service");
-      package = lib.mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "dae" { };
+    services.dae = with lib;{
+      enable = mkEnableOption
+        (mdDoc "A Linux high-performance transparent proxy solution based on eBPF");
+
+      package = mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "dae" { };
+
+      assets = mkOption {
+        type = with types;(listOf path);
+        default = with pkgs; [ v2ray-geoip v2ray-domain-list-community ];
+        defaultText = literalExpression "with pkgs; [ v2ray-geoip v2ray-domain-list-community ]";
+        description = mdDoc ''
+          Assets required to run dae.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      assetsPath = mkOption {
+        type = types.str;
+        default = "${genAssetsDrv assets}/share/v2ray";
+        defaultText = literalExpression ''
+          (symlinkJoin {
+              name = "dae-assets";
+              paths = assets;
+          })/share/v2ray
+        '';
+        description = mdDoc ''
+          The path which contains geolocation database.
+          This option will override `assets`.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      openFirewall = mkOption {
+        type = with types; submodule {
+          options = {
+            enable = mkEnableOption "enable";
+            port = mkOption {
+              type = types.int;
+              description = ''
+                Port to be opened. Consist with field `tproxy_port` in config file.
+              '';
+            };
+          };
+        };
+        default = {
+          enable = true;
+          port = 12345;
+        };
+        defaultText = literalExpression ''
+          {
+            enable = true;
+            port = 12345;
+          }
+        '';
+        description = mdDoc ''
+          Open the firewall port.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      configFile = mkOption {
+        type = types.path;
+        default = "/etc/dae/config.dae";
+        example = "/path/to/your/config.dae";
+        description = mdDoc ''
+          The path of dae config file, end with `.dae`.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      config = mkOption {
+        type = types.str;
+        default = ''
+          global{}
+          routing{}
+        '';
+        description = mdDoc ''
+          Config text for dae.
+
+          See <https://github.com/daeuniverse/dae/blob/main/example.dae>.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      disableTxChecksumIpGeneric =
+        mkEnableOption (mdDoc "See <https://github.com/daeuniverse/dae/issues/43>");
+
     };
   };
 
-  config = lib.mkIf config.services.dae.enable {
-    networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 12345 ];
-    networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ 12345 ];
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable
+
+    {
+      environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
+      systemd.packages = [ cfg.package ];
 
-    systemd.services.dae = {
-      unitConfig = {
-        Description = "dae Service";
-        Documentation = "https://github.com/daeuniverse/dae";
-        After = [ "network-online.target" "systemd-sysctl.service" ];
-        Wants = [ "network-online.target" ];
+      environment.etc."dae/config.dae" = {
+        mode = "0400";
+        source = pkgs.writeText "config.dae" cfg.config;
       };
 
-      serviceConfig = {
-        User = "root";
-        ExecStartPre = "${lib.getExe cfg.package} validate -c /etc/dae/config.dae";
-        ExecStart = "${lib.getExe cfg.package} run --disable-timestamp -c /etc/dae/config.dae";
-        ExecReload = "${lib.getExe cfg.package} reload $MAINPID";
-        LimitNPROC = 512;
-        LimitNOFILE = 1048576;
-        Restart = "on-abnormal";
-        Type = "notify";
+      networking = lib.mkIf cfg.openFirewall.enable {
+        firewall =
+          let portToOpen = cfg.openFirewall.port;
+          in
+          {
+            allowedTCPPorts = [ portToOpen ];
+            allowedUDPPorts = [ portToOpen ];
+          };
       };
 
-      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      systemd.services.dae =
+        let
+          daeBin = lib.getExe cfg.package;
+          TxChecksumIpGenericWorkaround = with lib;(getExe pkgs.writeShellApplication {
+            name = "disable-tx-checksum-ip-generic";
+            text = with pkgs; ''
+              iface=$(${iproute2}/bin/ip route | ${lib.getExe gawk} '/default/ {print $5}')
+              ${lib.getExe ethtool} -K "$iface" tx-checksum-ip-generic off
+            '';
+          });
+        in
+        {
+          wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+          serviceConfig = {
+            ExecStartPre = [ "" "${daeBin} validate -c ${cfg.configFile}" ]
+              ++ (with lib; optional cfg.disableTxChecksumIpGeneric TxChecksumIpGenericWorkaround);
+            ExecStart = [ "" "${daeBin} run --disable-timestamp -c ${cfg.configFile}" ];
+            Environment = "DAE_LOCATION_ASSET=${cfg.assetsPath}";
+          };
+        };
+
+      assertions = [
+        {
+          assertion = lib.pathExists (toString (genAssetsDrv cfg.assets) + "/share/v2ray");
+          message = ''
+            Packages in `assets` has no preset paths included.
+            Please set `assetsPath` instead.
+          '';
+        }
+
+        {
+          assertion = !((config.services.dae.config != "global{}\nrouting{}\n")
+            && (config.services.dae.configFile != "/etc/dae/config.dae"));
+          message = ''
+            Option `config` and `configFile` could not be set
+            at the same time.
+          '';
+        }
+      ];
     };
-  };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/jool.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/jool.nix
index 3aafbe40967ce..d2d2b0956e8aa 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/jool.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/jool.nix
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ let
     TemporaryFileSystem = [ "/" ];
     BindReadOnlyPaths = [
       builtins.storeDir
-      "/run/current-system/kernel-modules"
+      "/run/booted-system/kernel-modules"
     ];
 
     # Give capabilities to load the module and configure it
@@ -31,26 +31,96 @@ let
 
   configFormat = pkgs.formats.json {};
 
-  mkDefaultAttrs = lib.mapAttrs (n: v: lib.mkDefault v);
+  # Generate the config file of instance `name`
+  nat64Conf = name:
+    configFormat.generate "jool-nat64-${name}.conf"
+      (cfg.nat64.${name} // { instance = name; });
+  siitConf = name:
+    configFormat.generate "jool-siit-${name}.conf"
+      (cfg.siit.${name} // { instance = name; });
+
+  # NAT64 config type
+  nat64Options = lib.types.submodule {
+    # The format is plain JSON
+    freeformType = configFormat.type;
+    # Some options with a default value
+    options.framework = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.enum [ "netfilter" "iptables" ];
+      default = "netfilter";
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        The framework to use for attaching Jool's translation to the exist
+        kernel packet processing rules. See the
+        [documentation](https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/intro-jool.html#design)
+        for the differences between the two options.
+      '';
+    };
+    options.global.pool6 = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.strMatching "[[:xdigit:]:]+/[[:digit:]]+"
+        // { description = "Network prefix in CIDR notation"; };
+      default = "64:ff9b::/96";
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        The prefix used for embedding IPv4 into IPv6 addresses.
+        Defaults to the well-known NAT64 prefix, defined by
+        [RFC 6052](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6052).
+      '';
+    };
+  };
 
-  defaultNat64 = {
-    instance = "default";
-    framework = "netfilter";
-    global.pool6 = "64:ff9b::/96";
+  # SIIT config type
+  siitOptions = lib.types.submodule {
+    # The format is, again, plain JSON
+    freeformType = configFormat.type;
+    # Some options with a default value
+    options = { inherit (nat64Options.getSubOptions []) framework; };
+  };
+
+  makeNat64Unit = name: opts: {
+    "jool-nat64-${name}" = {
+      description = "Jool, NAT64 setup of instance ${name}";
+      documentation = [ "https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/documentation.html" ];
+      after = [ "network.target" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      serviceConfig = {
+        Type = "oneshot";
+        RemainAfterExit = true;
+        ExecStartPre = "${pkgs.kmod}/bin/modprobe jool";
+        ExecStart    = "${jool-cli}/bin/jool file handle ${nat64Conf name}";
+        ExecStop     = "${jool-cli}/bin/jool -f ${nat64Conf name} instance remove";
+      } // hardening;
+    };
   };
-  defaultSiit = {
-    instance = "default";
-    framework = "netfilter";
+
+  makeSiitUnit = name: opts: {
+    "jool-siit-${name}" = {
+      description = "Jool, SIIT setup of instance ${name}";
+      documentation = [ "https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/documentation.html" ];
+      after = [ "network.target" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      serviceConfig = {
+        Type = "oneshot";
+        RemainAfterExit = true;
+        ExecStartPre = "${pkgs.kmod}/bin/modprobe jool_siit";
+        ExecStart    = "${jool-cli}/bin/jool_siit file handle ${siitConf name}";
+        ExecStop     = "${jool-cli}/bin/jool_siit -f ${siitConf name} instance remove";
+      } // hardening;
+    };
   };
 
-  nat64Conf = configFormat.generate "jool-nat64.conf" cfg.nat64.config;
-  siitConf  = configFormat.generate "jool-siit.conf" cfg.siit.config;
+  checkNat64 = name: _: ''
+    printf 'Validating Jool configuration for NAT64 instance "${name}"... '
+    jool file check ${nat64Conf name}
+    printf 'Ok.\n'; touch "$out"
+  '';
+
+  checkSiit = name: _: ''
+    printf 'Validating Jool configuration for SIIT instance "${name}"... '
+    jool_siit file check ${siitConf name}
+    printf 'Ok.\n'; touch "$out"
+  '';
 
 in
 
 {
-  ###### interface
-
   options = {
     networking.jool.enable = lib.mkOption {
       type = lib.types.bool;
@@ -64,157 +134,146 @@ in
         NAT64, analogous to the IPv4 NAPT. Refer to the upstream
         [documentation](https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/intro-xlat.html) for
         the supported modes of translation and how to configure them.
+
+        Enabling this option will install the Jool kernel module and the
+        command line tools for controlling it.
       '';
     };
 
-    networking.jool.nat64.enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "a NAT64 instance of Jool.");
-    networking.jool.nat64.config = lib.mkOption {
-      type = configFormat.type;
-      default = defaultNat64;
+    networking.jool.nat64 = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.attrsOf nat64Options;
+      default = { };
       example = lib.literalExpression ''
         {
-          # custom NAT64 prefix
-          global.pool6 = "2001:db8:64::/96";
-
-          # Port forwarding
-          bib = [
-            { # SSH 192.0.2.16 → 2001:db8:a::1
-              "protocol"     = "TCP";
-              "ipv4 address" = "192.0.2.16#22";
-              "ipv6 address" = "2001:db8:a::1#22";
-            }
-            { # DNS (TCP) 192.0.2.16 → 2001:db8:a::2
-              "protocol"     = "TCP";
-              "ipv4 address" = "192.0.2.16#53";
-              "ipv6 address" = "2001:db8:a::2#53";
-            }
-            { # DNS (UDP) 192.0.2.16 → 2001:db8:a::2
-              "protocol" = "UDP";
-              "ipv4 address" = "192.0.2.16#53";
-              "ipv6 address" = "2001:db8:a::2#53";
-            }
-          ];
-
-          pool4 = [
-            # Ports for dynamic translation
-            { protocol =  "TCP";  prefix = "192.0.2.16/32"; "port range" = "40001-65535"; }
-            { protocol =  "UDP";  prefix = "192.0.2.16/32"; "port range" = "40001-65535"; }
-            { protocol = "ICMP";  prefix = "192.0.2.16/32"; "port range" = "40001-65535"; }
-
-            # Ports for static BIB entries
-            { protocol =  "TCP";  prefix = "192.0.2.16/32"; "port range" = "22"; }
-            { protocol =  "UDP";  prefix = "192.0.2.16/32"; "port range" = "53"; }
-          ];
+          default = {
+            # custom NAT64 prefix
+            global.pool6 = "2001:db8:64::/96";
+
+            # Port forwarding
+            bib = [
+              { # SSH 192.0.2.16 → 2001:db8:a::1
+                "protocol"     = "TCP";
+                "ipv4 address" = "192.0.2.16#22";
+                "ipv6 address" = "2001:db8:a::1#22";
+              }
+              { # DNS (TCP) 192.0.2.16 → 2001:db8:a::2
+                "protocol"     = "TCP";
+                "ipv4 address" = "192.0.2.16#53";
+                "ipv6 address" = "2001:db8:a::2#53";
+              }
+              { # DNS (UDP) 192.0.2.16 → 2001:db8:a::2
+                "protocol" = "UDP";
+                "ipv4 address" = "192.0.2.16#53";
+                "ipv6 address" = "2001:db8:a::2#53";
+              }
+            ];
+
+            pool4 = [
+              # Port ranges for dynamic translation
+              { protocol =  "TCP";  prefix = "192.0.2.16/32"; "port range" = "40001-65535"; }
+              { protocol =  "UDP";  prefix = "192.0.2.16/32"; "port range" = "40001-65535"; }
+              { protocol = "ICMP";  prefix = "192.0.2.16/32"; "port range" = "40001-65535"; }
+
+              # Ports for static BIB entries
+              { protocol =  "TCP";  prefix = "192.0.2.16/32"; "port range" = "22"; }
+              { protocol =  "UDP";  prefix = "192.0.2.16/32"; "port range" = "53"; }
+            ];
+          };
         }
       '';
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
-        The configuration of a stateful NAT64 instance of Jool managed through
-        NixOS. See https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/config-atomic.html for the
-        available options.
+        Definitions of NAT64 instances of Jool.
+        See the
+        [documentation](https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/config-atomic.html) for
+        the available options. Also check out the
+        [tutorial](https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/run-nat64.html) for an
+        introduction to NAT64 and how to troubleshoot the setup.
+
+        The attribute name defines the name of the instance, with the main one
+        being `default`: this can be accessed from the command line without
+        specifying the name with `-i`.
 
         ::: {.note}
-        Existing or more instances created manually will not interfere with the
-        NixOS instance, provided the respective `pool4` addresses and port
-        ranges are not overlapping.
+        Instances created imperatively from the command line will not interfere
+        with the NixOS instances, provided the respective `pool4` addresses and
+        port ranges are not overlapping.
         :::
 
         ::: {.warning}
-        Changes to the NixOS instance performed via `jool instance nixos-nat64`
-        are applied correctly but will be lost after restarting
-        `jool-nat64.service`.
+        Changes to an instance performed via `jool -i <name>` are applied
+        correctly but will be lost after restarting the respective
+        `jool-nat64-<name>.service`.
         :::
       '';
     };
 
-    networking.jool.siit.enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "a SIIT instance of Jool.");
-    networking.jool.siit.config = lib.mkOption {
-      type = configFormat.type;
-      default = defaultSiit;
+    networking.jool.siit = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.attrsOf siitOptions;
+      default = { };
       example = lib.literalExpression ''
         {
-          # Maps any IPv4 address x.y.z.t to 2001:db8::x.y.z.t and v.v.
-          pool6 = "2001:db8::/96";
-
-          # Explicit address mappings
-          eamt = [
-            # 2001:db8:1:: ←→ 192.0.2.0
-            { "ipv6 prefix": "2001:db8:1::/128", "ipv4 prefix": "192.0.2.0" }
-            # 2001:db8:1::x ←→ 198.51.100.x
-            { "ipv6 prefix": "2001:db8:2::/120", "ipv4 prefix": "198.51.100.0/24" }
-          ]
+          default = {
+            # Maps any IPv4 address x.y.z.t to 2001:db8::x.y.z.t and v.v.
+            global.pool6 = "2001:db8::/96";
+
+            # Explicit address mappings
+            eamt = [
+              # 2001:db8:1:: ←→ 192.0.2.0
+              { "ipv6 prefix" = "2001:db8:1::/128"; "ipv4 prefix" = "192.0.2.0"; }
+              # 2001:db8:1::x ←→ 198.51.100.x
+              { "ipv6 prefix" = "2001:db8:2::/120"; "ipv4 prefix" = "198.51.100.0/24"; }
+            ];
+          };
         }
       '';
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
-        The configuration of a SIIT instance of Jool managed through
-        NixOS. See https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/config-atomic.html for the
-        available options.
+        Definitions of SIIT instances of Jool.
+        See the
+        [documentation](https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/config-atomic.html) for
+        the available options. Also check out the
+        [tutorial](https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/run-vanilla.html) for an
+        introduction to SIIT and how to troubleshoot the setup.
+
+        The attribute name defines the name of the instance, with the main one
+        being `default`: this can be accessed from the command line without
+        specifying the name with `-i`.
 
         ::: {.note}
-        Existing or more instances created manually will not interfere with the
-        NixOS instance, provided the respective `EAMT` address mappings are not
-        overlapping.
+        Instances created imperatively from the command line will not interfere
+        with the NixOS instances, provided the respective EAMT addresses and
+        port ranges are not overlapping.
         :::
 
         ::: {.warning}
-        Changes to the NixOS instance performed via `jool instance nixos-siit`
-        are applied correctly but will be lost after restarting
-        `jool-siit.service`.
+        Changes to an instance performed via `jool -i <name>` are applied
+        correctly but will be lost after restarting the respective
+        `jool-siit-<name>.service`.
         :::
       '';
     };
 
   };
 
-  ###### implementation
-
   config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
-    environment.systemPackages = [ jool-cli ];
+    # Install kernel module and cli tools
     boot.extraModulePackages = [ jool ];
+    environment.systemPackages = [ jool-cli ];
 
-    systemd.services.jool-nat64 = lib.mkIf cfg.nat64.enable {
-      description = "Jool, NAT64 setup";
-      documentation = [ "https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/documentation.html" ];
-      after = [ "network.target" ];
-      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      reloadIfChanged = true;
-      serviceConfig = {
-        Type = "oneshot";
-        RemainAfterExit = true;
-        ExecStartPre = "${pkgs.kmod}/bin/modprobe jool";
-        ExecStart    = "${jool-cli}/bin/jool file handle ${nat64Conf}";
-        ExecStop     = "${jool-cli}/bin/jool -f ${nat64Conf} instance remove";
-      } // hardening;
-    };
-
-    systemd.services.jool-siit = lib.mkIf cfg.siit.enable {
-      description = "Jool, SIIT setup";
-      documentation = [ "https://nicmx.github.io/Jool/en/documentation.html" ];
-      after = [ "network.target" ];
-      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      reloadIfChanged = true;
-      serviceConfig = {
-        Type = "oneshot";
-        RemainAfterExit = true;
-        ExecStartPre = "${pkgs.kmod}/bin/modprobe jool_siit";
-        ExecStart    = "${jool-cli}/bin/jool_siit file handle ${siitConf}";
-        ExecStop     = "${jool-cli}/bin/jool_siit -f ${siitConf} instance remove";
-      } // hardening;
-    };
-
-    system.checks = lib.singleton (pkgs.runCommand "jool-validated" {
-      nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.buildPackages.jool-cli ];
-      preferLocalBuild = true;
-    } ''
-      printf 'Validating Jool configuration... '
-      ${lib.optionalString cfg.siit.enable "jool_siit file check ${siitConf}"}
-      ${lib.optionalString cfg.nat64.enable "jool file check ${nat64Conf}"}
-      printf 'ok\n'
-      touch "$out"
-    '');
-
-    networking.jool.nat64.config = mkDefaultAttrs defaultNat64;
-    networking.jool.siit.config  = mkDefaultAttrs defaultSiit;
+    # Install services for each instance
+    systemd.services = lib.mkMerge
+      (lib.mapAttrsToList makeNat64Unit cfg.nat64 ++
+       lib.mapAttrsToList makeSiitUnit cfg.siit);
 
+    # Check the configuration of each instance
+    system.checks = lib.optional (cfg.nat64 != {} || cfg.siit != {})
+      (pkgs.runCommand "jool-validated"
+        {
+          nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs.buildPackages; [ jool-cli ];
+          preferLocalBuild = true;
+        }
+        (lib.concatStrings
+          (lib.mapAttrsToList checkNat64 cfg.nat64 ++
+           lib.mapAttrsToList checkSiit cfg.siit)));
   };
 
   meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ rnhmjoj ];
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/nftables.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/nftables.nix
index 0e4cd6fa1503b..47159ade328c8 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/nftables.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/nftables.nix
@@ -70,6 +70,26 @@ in
       '';
     };
 
+    networking.nftables.checkRulesetRedirects = mkOption {
+      type = types.addCheck (types.attrsOf types.path) (attrs: all types.path.check (attrNames attrs));
+      default = {
+        "/etc/hosts" = config.environment.etc.hosts.source;
+        "/etc/protocols" = config.environment.etc.protocols.source;
+        "/etc/services" = config.environment.etc.services.source;
+      };
+      defaultText = literalExpression ''
+        {
+          "/etc/hosts" = config.environment.etc.hosts.source;
+          "/etc/protocols" = config.environment.etc.protocols.source;
+          "/etc/services" = config.environment.etc.services.source;
+        }
+      '';
+      description = mdDoc ''
+        Set of paths that should be intercepted and rewritten while checking the ruleset
+        using `pkgs.buildPackages.libredirect`.
+      '';
+    };
+
     networking.nftables.preCheckRuleset = mkOption {
       type = types.lines;
       default = "";
@@ -282,7 +302,7 @@ in
             cp $out ruleset.conf
             sed 's|include "${deletionsScriptVar}"||' -i ruleset.conf
             ${cfg.preCheckRuleset}
-            export NIX_REDIRECTS=/etc/protocols=${pkgs.buildPackages.iana-etc}/etc/protocols:/etc/services=${pkgs.buildPackages.iana-etc}/etc/services
+            export NIX_REDIRECTS=${escapeShellArg (concatStringsSep ":" (mapAttrsToList (n: v: "${n}=${v}") cfg.checkRulesetRedirects))}
             LD_PRELOAD="${pkgs.buildPackages.libredirect}/lib/libredirect.so ${pkgs.buildPackages.lklWithFirewall.lib}/lib/liblkl-hijack.so" \
               ${pkgs.buildPackages.nftables}/bin/nft --check --file ruleset.conf
           '';
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/wstunnel.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/wstunnel.nix
index 067d5df487255..3c3ecc3e04d79 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/wstunnel.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/wstunnel.nix
@@ -86,12 +86,12 @@ let
         description = mdDoc "Address and port to listen on. Setting the port to a value below 1024 will also give the process the required `CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE` capability.";
         type = types.submodule hostPortSubmodule;
         default = {
-          address = "0.0.0.0";
+          host = "0.0.0.0";
           port = if config.enableHTTPS then 443 else 80;
         };
         defaultText = literalExpression ''
           {
-            address = "0.0.0.0";
+            host = "0.0.0.0";
             port = if enableHTTPS then 443 else 80;
           }
         '';
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/galene.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/galene.nix
index 747b85f94c65a..81fed8a0b99a5 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/galene.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/galene.nix
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ in
           ProtectSystem = "strict";
           ReadWritePaths = cfg.recordingsDir;
           RemoveIPC = true;
-          RestrictAddressFamilies = [ "AF_INET" "AF_INET6" ];
+          RestrictAddressFamilies = [ "AF_INET" "AF_INET6" "AF_NETLINK" ];
           RestrictNamespaces = true;
           RestrictRealtime = true;
           RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/grocy.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/grocy.nix
index b0d3c44cea81c..4d1084e295ff3 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/grocy.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/grocy.nix
@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ in {
       user = "grocy";
       group = "nginx";
 
-      # PHP 8.1 is the only version which is supported/tested by upstream:
-      # https://github.com/grocy/grocy/blob/v4.0.0/README.md#platform-support
-      phpPackage = pkgs.php81;
+      # PHP 8.1 and 8.2 are the only version which are supported/tested by upstream:
+      # https://github.com/grocy/grocy/blob/v4.0.2/README.md#platform-support
+      phpPackage = pkgs.php82;
 
       inherit (cfg.phpfpm) settings;
 
@@ -130,6 +130,16 @@ in {
       };
     };
 
+    # After an update of grocy, the viewcache needs to be deleted. Otherwise grocy will not work
+    # https://github.com/grocy/grocy#how-to-update
+    systemd.services.grocy-setup = {
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      before = [ "phpfpm-grocy.service" ];
+      script = ''
+        rm -rf ${cfg.dataDir}/viewcache/*
+      '';
+    };
+
     services.nginx = {
       enable = true;
       virtualHosts."${cfg.hostName}" = mkMerge [
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/healthchecks.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/healthchecks.nix
index b3fdb681e2f30..b92525075541a 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/healthchecks.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/healthchecks.nix
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-{ config, lib, pkgs, buildEnv, ... }:
+{ config, lib, options, pkgs, buildEnv, ... }:
 
 with lib;
 
 let
   defaultUser = "healthchecks";
   cfg = config.services.healthchecks;
+  opt = options.services.healthchecks;
   pkg = cfg.package;
   boolToPython = b: if b then "True" else "False";
   environment = {
     PYTHONPATH = pkg.pythonPath;
     STATIC_ROOT = cfg.dataDir + "/static";
-    DB_NAME = "${cfg.dataDir}/healthchecks.sqlite";
   } // cfg.settings;
 
   environmentFile = pkgs.writeText "healthchecks-environment" (lib.generators.toKeyValue { } environment);
@@ -98,17 +98,24 @@ in
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
         Environment variables which are read by healthchecks `(local)_settings.py`.
 
-        Settings which are explicitly covered in options bewlow, are type-checked and/or transformed
+        Settings which are explicitly covered in options below, are type-checked and/or transformed
         before added to the environment, everything else is passed as a string.
 
         See <https://healthchecks.io/docs/self_hosted_configuration/>
         for a full documentation of settings.
 
-        We add two variables to this list inside the packages `local_settings.py.`
-        - STATIC_ROOT to set a state directory for dynamically generated static files.
-        - SECRET_KEY_FILE to read SECRET_KEY from a file at runtime and keep it out of /nix/store.
+        We add additional variables to this list inside the packages `local_settings.py.`
+        - `STATIC_ROOT` to set a state directory for dynamically generated static files.
+        - `SECRET_KEY_FILE` to read `SECRET_KEY` from a file at runtime and keep it out of
+          /nix/store.
+        - `_FILE` variants for several values that hold sensitive information in
+          [Healthchecks configuration](https://healthchecks.io/docs/self_hosted_configuration/) so
+          that they also can be read from a file and kept out of /nix/store. To see which values
+          have support for a `_FILE` variant, run:
+          - `nix-instantiate --eval --expr '(import <nixpkgs> {}).healthchecks.secrets'`
+          - or `nix eval 'nixpkgs#healthchecks.secrets'` if the flake support has been enabled.
       '';
-      type = types.submodule {
+      type = types.submodule (settings: {
         freeformType = types.attrsOf types.str;
         options = {
           ALLOWED_HOSTS = lib.mkOption {
@@ -143,8 +150,28 @@ in
             '';
             apply = boolToPython;
           };
+
+          DB = mkOption {
+            type = types.enum [ "sqlite" "postgres" "mysql" ];
+            default = "sqlite";
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Database engine to use.";
+          };
+
+          DB_NAME = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            default =
+              if settings.config.DB == "sqlite"
+              then "${cfg.dataDir}/healthchecks.sqlite"
+              else "hc";
+            defaultText = lib.literalExpression ''
+              if config.${settings.options.DB} == "sqlite"
+              then "''${config.${opt.dataDir}}/healthchecks.sqlite"
+              else "hc"
+            '';
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Database name.";
+          };
         };
-      };
+      });
     };
   };
 
@@ -168,7 +195,7 @@ in
           StateDirectoryMode = mkIf (cfg.dataDir == "/var/lib/healthchecks") "0750";
         };
       in
-        {
+      {
         healthchecks-migration = {
           description = "Healthchecks migrations";
           wantedBy = [ "healthchecks.target" ];
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/mobilizon.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/mobilizon.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4e796e2bc80cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/mobilizon.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+{ pkgs, lib, config, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+  cfg = config.services.mobilizon;
+
+  user = "mobilizon";
+  group = "mobilizon";
+
+  settingsFormat = pkgs.formats.elixirConf { elixir = pkgs.elixir_1_14; };
+
+  configFile = settingsFormat.generate "mobilizon-config.exs" cfg.settings;
+
+  # Make a package containing launchers with the correct envirenment, instead of
+  # setting it with systemd services, so that the user can also use them without
+  # troubles
+  launchers = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
+    pname = "${cfg.package.pname}-launchers";
+    inherit (cfg.package) version;
+
+    src = cfg.package;
+
+    nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [ makeWrapper ];
+
+    dontBuild = true;
+
+    installPhase = ''
+      mkdir -p $out/bin
+
+      makeWrapper \
+        $src/bin/mobilizon \
+        $out/bin/mobilizon \
+        --run '. ${secretEnvFile}' \
+        --set MOBILIZON_CONFIG_PATH "${configFile}" \
+        --set-default RELEASE_TMP "/tmp"
+
+      makeWrapper \
+        $src/bin/mobilizon_ctl \
+        $out/bin/mobilizon_ctl \
+        --run '. ${secretEnvFile}' \
+        --set MOBILIZON_CONFIG_PATH "${configFile}" \
+        --set-default RELEASE_TMP "/tmp"
+    '';
+  };
+
+  repoSettings = cfg.settings.":mobilizon"."Mobilizon.Storage.Repo";
+  instanceSettings = cfg.settings.":mobilizon".":instance";
+
+  isLocalPostgres = repoSettings.socket_dir != null;
+
+  dbUser = if repoSettings.username != null then repoSettings.username else "mobilizon";
+
+  postgresql = config.services.postgresql.package;
+  postgresqlSocketDir = "/var/run/postgresql";
+
+  secretEnvFile = "/var/lib/mobilizon/secret-env.sh";
+in
+{
+  options = {
+    services.mobilizon = {
+      enable = mkEnableOption
+        "Mobilizon federated organization and mobilization platform";
+
+      nginx.enable = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.bool;
+        default = true;
+        description = ''
+          Whether an <literal>nginx</literal> virtual host should be
+          set up to serve Mobilizon.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      package = mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "mobilizon" { };
+
+      settings = mkOption {
+        type =
+          let
+            elixirTypes = settingsFormat.lib.types;
+          in
+          types.submodule {
+            freeformType = settingsFormat.type;
+
+            options = {
+              ":mobilizon" = {
+
+                "Mobilizon.Web.Endpoint" = {
+                  url.host = mkOption {
+                    type = elixirTypes.str;
+                    defaultText = literalExpression ''
+                      ''${settings.":mobilizon".":instance".hostname}
+                    '';
+                    description = ''
+                      Your instance's hostname for generating URLs throughout the app
+                    '';
+                  };
+
+                  http = {
+                    port = mkOption {
+                      type = elixirTypes.port;
+                      default = 4000;
+                      description = ''
+                        The port to run the server
+                      '';
+                    };
+                    ip = mkOption {
+                      type = elixirTypes.tuple;
+                      default = settingsFormat.lib.mkTuple [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ];
+                      description = ''
+                        The IP address to listen on. Defaults to [::1] notated as a byte tuple.
+                      '';
+                    };
+                  };
+
+                  has_reverse_proxy = mkOption {
+                    type = elixirTypes.bool;
+                    default = true;
+                    description = ''
+                      Whether you use a reverse proxy
+                    '';
+                  };
+                };
+
+                ":instance" = {
+                  name = mkOption {
+                    type = elixirTypes.str;
+                    description = ''
+                      The fallback instance name if not configured into the admin UI
+                    '';
+                  };
+
+                  hostname = mkOption {
+                    type = elixirTypes.str;
+                    description = ''
+                      Your instance's hostname
+                    '';
+                  };
+
+                  email_from = mkOption {
+                    type = elixirTypes.str;
+                    defaultText = literalExpression ''
+                      noreply@''${settings.":mobilizon".":instance".hostname}
+                    '';
+                    description = ''
+                      The email for the From: header in emails
+                    '';
+                  };
+
+                  email_reply_to = mkOption {
+                    type = elixirTypes.str;
+                    defaultText = literalExpression ''
+                      ''${email_from}
+                    '';
+                    description = ''
+                      The email for the Reply-To: header in emails
+                    '';
+                  };
+                };
+
+                "Mobilizon.Storage.Repo" = {
+                  socket_dir = mkOption {
+                    type = types.nullOr elixirTypes.str;
+                    default = postgresqlSocketDir;
+                    description = ''
+                      Path to the postgres socket directory.
+
+                      Set this to null if you want to connect to a remote database.
+
+                      If non-null, the local PostgreSQL server will be configured with
+                      the configured database, permissions, and required extensions.
+
+                      If connecting to a remote database, please follow the
+                      instructions on how to setup your database:
+                      <link xlink:href="https://docs.joinmobilizon.org/administration/install/release/#database-setup"/>
+                    '';
+                  };
+
+                  username = mkOption {
+                    type = types.nullOr elixirTypes.str;
+                    default = user;
+                    description = ''
+                      User used to connect to the database
+                    '';
+                  };
+
+                  database = mkOption {
+                    type = types.nullOr elixirTypes.str;
+                    default = "mobilizon_prod";
+                    description = ''
+                      Name of the database
+                    '';
+                  };
+                };
+              };
+            };
+          };
+        default = { };
+
+        description = ''
+          Mobilizon Elixir documentation, see
+          <link xlink:href="https://docs.joinmobilizon.org/administration/configure/reference/"/>
+          for supported values.
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+
+    assertions = [
+      {
+        assertion = cfg.nginx.enable -> (cfg.settings.":mobilizon"."Mobilizon.Web.Endpoint".http.ip == settingsFormat.lib.mkTuple [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ]);
+        message = "Setting the IP mobilizon listens on is only possible when the nginx config is not used, as it is hardcoded there.";
+      }
+    ];
+
+    services.mobilizon.settings = {
+      ":mobilizon" = {
+        "Mobilizon.Web.Endpoint" = {
+          server = true;
+          url.host = mkDefault instanceSettings.hostname;
+          secret_key_base =
+            settingsFormat.lib.mkGetEnv { envVariable = "MOBILIZON_INSTANCE_SECRET"; };
+        };
+
+        "Mobilizon.Web.Auth.Guardian".secret_key =
+          settingsFormat.lib.mkGetEnv { envVariable = "MOBILIZON_AUTH_SECRET"; };
+
+        ":instance" = {
+          registrations_open = mkDefault false;
+          demo = mkDefault false;
+          email_from = mkDefault "noreply@${instanceSettings.hostname}";
+          email_reply_to = mkDefault instanceSettings.email_from;
+        };
+
+        "Mobilizon.Storage.Repo" = {
+          # Forced by upstream since it uses PostgreSQL-specific extensions
+          adapter = settingsFormat.lib.mkAtom "Ecto.Adapters.Postgres";
+          pool_size = mkDefault 10;
+        };
+      };
+
+      ":tzdata".":data_dir" = "/var/lib/mobilizon/tzdata/";
+    };
+
+    # This somewhat follows upstream's systemd service here:
+    # https://framagit.org/framasoft/mobilizon/-/blob/master/support/systemd/mobilizon.service
+    systemd.services.mobilizon = {
+      description = "Mobilizon federated organization and mobilization platform";
+
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+
+      path = with pkgs; [
+        gawk
+        imagemagick
+        libwebp
+        file
+
+        # Optional:
+        gifsicle
+        jpegoptim
+        optipng
+        pngquant
+      ];
+
+      serviceConfig = {
+        ExecStartPre = "${launchers}/bin/mobilizon_ctl migrate";
+        ExecStart = "${launchers}/bin/mobilizon start";
+        ExecStop = "${launchers}/bin/mobilizon stop";
+
+        User = user;
+        Group = group;
+
+        StateDirectory = "mobilizon";
+
+        Restart = "on-failure";
+
+        PrivateTmp = true;
+        ProtectSystem = "full";
+        NoNewPrivileges = true;
+
+        ReadWritePaths = mkIf isLocalPostgres postgresqlSocketDir;
+      };
+    };
+
+    # Create the needed secrets before running Mobilizon, so that they are not
+    # in the nix store
+    #
+    # Since some of these tasks are quite common for Elixir projects (COOKIE for
+    # every BEAM project, Phoenix and Guardian are also quite common), this
+    # service could be abstracted in the future, and used by other Elixir
+    # projects.
+    systemd.services.mobilizon-setup-secrets = {
+      description = "Mobilizon setup secrets";
+      before = [ "mobilizon.service" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "mobilizon.service" ];
+
+      script =
+        let
+          # Taken from here:
+          # https://framagit.org/framasoft/mobilizon/-/blob/1.0.7/lib/mix/tasks/mobilizon/instance.ex#L132-133
+          genSecret =
+            "IO.puts(:crypto.strong_rand_bytes(64)" +
+            "|> Base.encode64()" +
+            "|> binary_part(0, 64))";
+
+          # Taken from here:
+          # https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/blob/v1.11.3/lib/mix/lib/mix/release.ex#L499
+          genCookie = "IO.puts(Base.encode32(:crypto.strong_rand_bytes(32)))";
+
+          evalElixir = str: ''
+            ${pkgs.elixir_1_14}/bin/elixir --eval '${str}'
+          '';
+        in
+        ''
+          set -euxo pipefail
+
+          if [ ! -f "${secretEnvFile}" ]; then
+            install -m 600 /dev/null "${secretEnvFile}"
+            cat > "${secretEnvFile}" <<EOF
+          # This file was automatically generated by mobilizon-setup-secrets.service
+          export MOBILIZON_AUTH_SECRET='$(${evalElixir genSecret})'
+          export MOBILIZON_INSTANCE_SECRET='$(${evalElixir genSecret})'
+          export RELEASE_COOKIE='$(${evalElixir genCookie})'
+          EOF
+          fi
+        '';
+
+      serviceConfig = {
+        Type = "oneshot";
+        User = user;
+        Group = group;
+        StateDirectory = "mobilizon";
+      };
+    };
+
+    # Add the required PostgreSQL extensions to the local PostgreSQL server,
+    # if local PostgreSQL is configured.
+    systemd.services.mobilizon-postgresql = mkIf isLocalPostgres {
+      description = "Mobilizon PostgreSQL setup";
+
+      after = [ "postgresql.service" ];
+      before = [ "mobilizon.service" "mobilizon-setup-secrets.service" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "mobilizon.service" ];
+
+      path = [ postgresql ];
+
+      # Taken from here:
+      # https://framagit.org/framasoft/mobilizon/-/blob/1.1.0/priv/templates/setup_db.eex
+      script =
+        ''
+          psql "${repoSettings.database}" -c "\
+            CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS postgis; \
+            CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_trgm; \
+            CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS unaccent;"
+        '';
+
+      serviceConfig = {
+        Type = "oneshot";
+        User = config.services.postgresql.superUser;
+      };
+    };
+
+    systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [
+      "d /var/lib/mobilizon/uploads/exports/csv 700 mobilizon mobilizon - -"
+      "Z /var/lib/mobilizon 700 mobilizon mobilizon - -"
+    ];
+
+    services.postgresql = mkIf isLocalPostgres {
+      enable = true;
+      ensureDatabases = [ repoSettings.database ];
+      ensureUsers = [
+        {
+          name = dbUser;
+          ensurePermissions = {
+            "DATABASE \"${repoSettings.database}\"" = "ALL PRIVILEGES";
+          };
+        }
+      ];
+      extraPlugins = with postgresql.pkgs; [ postgis ];
+    };
+
+    # Nginx config taken from support/nginx/mobilizon-release.conf
+    services.nginx =
+      let
+        inherit (cfg.settings.":mobilizon".":instance") hostname;
+        proxyPass = "http://[::1]:"
+          + toString cfg.settings.":mobilizon"."Mobilizon.Web.Endpoint".http.port;
+      in
+      lib.mkIf cfg.nginx.enable {
+        enable = true;
+        virtualHosts."${hostname}" = {
+          enableACME = lib.mkDefault true;
+          forceSSL = lib.mkDefault true;
+          extraConfig = ''
+            proxy_http_version 1.1;
+            proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
+            proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
+            proxy_set_header Host $host;
+            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+          '';
+          locations."/" = {
+            inherit proxyPass;
+          };
+          locations."~ ^/(js|css|img)" = {
+            root = "${cfg.package}/lib/mobilizon-${cfg.package.version}/priv/static";
+            extraConfig = ''
+              etag off;
+              access_log off;
+              add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000, immutable";
+            '';
+          };
+          locations."~ ^/(media|proxy)" = {
+            inherit proxyPass;
+            extraConfig = ''
+              etag off;
+              access_log off;
+              add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000, immutable";
+            '';
+          };
+        };
+      };
+
+    users.users.${user} = {
+      description = "Mobilizon daemon user";
+      group = group;
+      isSystemUser = true;
+    };
+
+    users.groups.${group} = { };
+
+    # So that we have the `mobilizon` and `mobilizon_ctl` commands.
+    # The `mobilizon remote` command is useful for dropping a shell into the
+    # running Mobilizon instance, and `mobilizon_ctl` is used for common
+    # management tasks (e.g. adding users).
+    environment.systemPackages = [ launchers ];
+  };
+
+  meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ minijackson erictapen ];
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/plausible.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/plausible.nix
index 911daa53e6587..4b308d2ee56ee 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/plausible.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/plausible.nix
@@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ in {
             # setup
             ${cfg.package}/createdb.sh
             ${cfg.package}/migrate.sh
+            ${cfg.package}/bin/plausible eval "(Plausible.Release.prepare() ; Plausible.Auth.create_user(\"$ADMIN_USER_NAME\", \"$ADMIN_USER_EMAIL\", \"$ADMIN_USER_PWD\"))"
             ${optionalString cfg.adminUser.activate ''
               if ! ${cfg.package}/init-admin.sh | grep 'already exists'; then
                 psql -d plausible <<< "UPDATE users SET email_verified=true;"
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/tt-rss.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/tt-rss.nix
index 3102e6a469536..592ab253f7daf 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/tt-rss.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/tt-rss.nix
@@ -595,47 +595,9 @@ let
       tt-rss = {
         description = "Tiny Tiny RSS feeds update daemon";
 
-        preStart = let
-          callSql = e:
-              if cfg.database.type == "pgsql" then ''
-                  ${optionalString (cfg.database.password != null) "PGPASSWORD=${cfg.database.password}"} \
-                  ${optionalString (cfg.database.passwordFile != null) "PGPASSWORD=$(cat ${cfg.database.passwordFile})"} \
-                  ${config.services.postgresql.package}/bin/psql \
-                    -U ${cfg.database.user} \
-                    ${optionalString (cfg.database.host != null) "-h ${cfg.database.host} --port ${toString dbPort}"} \
-                    -c '${e}' \
-                    ${cfg.database.name}''
-
-              else if cfg.database.type == "mysql" then ''
-                  echo '${e}' | ${config.services.mysql.package}/bin/mysql \
-                    -u ${cfg.database.user} \
-                    ${optionalString (cfg.database.password != null) "-p${cfg.database.password}"} \
-                    ${optionalString (cfg.database.host != null) "-h ${cfg.database.host} -P ${toString dbPort}"} \
-                    ${cfg.database.name}''
-
-              else "";
-
-        in (optionalString (cfg.database.type == "pgsql") ''
-          exists=$(${callSql "select count(*) > 0 from pg_tables where tableowner = user"} \
-          | tail -n+3 | head -n-2 | sed -e 's/[ \n\t]*//')
-
-          if [ "$exists" == 'f' ]; then
-            ${callSql "\\i ${pkgs.tt-rss}/schema/ttrss_schema_${cfg.database.type}.sql"}
-          else
-            echo 'The database contains some data. Leaving it as it is.'
-          fi;
-        '')
-
-        + (optionalString (cfg.database.type == "mysql") ''
-          exists=$(${callSql "select count(*) > 0 from information_schema.tables where table_schema = schema()"} \
-          | tail -n+2 | sed -e 's/[ \n\t]*//')
-
-          if [ "$exists" == '0' ]; then
-            ${callSql "\\. ${pkgs.tt-rss}/schema/ttrss_schema_${cfg.database.type}.sql"}
-          else
-            echo 'The database contains some data. Leaving it as it is.'
-          fi;
-        '');
+        preStart = ''
+          ${pkgs.php81}/bin/php ${cfg.root}/www/update.php --update-schema
+        '';
 
         serviceConfig = {
           User = "${cfg.user}";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix
index fccc31b5116cb..7a7fb4061eea5 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix
@@ -578,11 +578,13 @@ in
           };
         });
         default = [];
-        example = literalExpression ''[
-          { addr = "10.0.0.12"; proxyProtocol = true; ssl = true; }
-          { addr = "0.0.0.0"; }
-          { addr = "[::0]"; }
-        ]'';
+        example = literalExpression ''
+          [
+            { addr = "10.0.0.12"; proxyProtocol = true; ssl = true; }
+            { addr = "0.0.0.0"; }
+            { addr = "[::0]"; }
+          ]
+        '';
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
           If vhosts do not specify listen, use these addresses by default.
           This option takes precedence over {option}`defaultListenAddresses` and
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/budgie.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/budgie.nix
index bee627ec76c01..a4f8bd5051ecc 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/budgie.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/budgie.nix
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ in {
         # Update user directories.
         xdg-user-dirs
       ]
+      ++ lib.optional config.networking.networkmanager.enable pkgs.networkmanagerapplet
       ++ (utils.removePackagesByName [
           cinnamon.nemo
           mate.eom
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ in {
     # Required by Budgie Panel plugins and/or Budgie Control Center panels.
     networking.networkmanager.enable = mkDefault true; # for BCC's Network panel.
     programs.nm-applet.enable = config.networking.networkmanager.enable; # Budgie has no Network applet.
-    programs.nm-applet.indicator = false; # Budgie doesn't support AppIndicators.
+    programs.nm-applet.indicator = true; # Budgie uses AppIndicators.
 
     hardware.bluetooth.enable = mkDefault true; # for Budgie's Status Indicator and BCC's Bluetooth panel.
     hardware.pulseaudio.enable = mkDefault true; # for Budgie's Status Indicator and BCC's Sound panel.
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/window-managers/oroborus.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/window-managers/oroborus.nix
deleted file mode 100644
index 654b8708e48fe..0000000000000
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/window-managers/oroborus.nix
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
-
-with lib;
-
-let
-  cfg = config.services.xserver.windowManager.oroborus;
-in
-{
-  ###### interface
-  options = {
-    services.xserver.windowManager.oroborus.enable = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "oroborus");
-  };
-
-  ###### implementation
-  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
-    services.xserver.windowManager.session = singleton {
-      name = "oroborus";
-      start = ''
-        ${pkgs.oroborus}/bin/oroborus &
-        waitPID=$!
-      '';
-    };
-    environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.oroborus ];
-  };
-}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/binfmt.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/binfmt.nix
index fb7afce4a5808..8c9483f01c102 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/binfmt.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/binfmt.nix
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ in {
           support your new systems.
           Warning: the builder can execute all emulated systems within the same build, which introduces impurities in the case of cross compilation.
         '';
-        type = types.listOf types.str;
+        type = types.listOf (types.enum (builtins.attrNames magics));
       };
     };
   };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/networkd.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/networkd.nix
index 6d0afcc57fcc6..87afc5023253f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/networkd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/networkd.nix
@@ -2812,9 +2812,15 @@ let
 
       environment.etc."systemd/networkd.conf" = renderConfig cfg.config;
 
-      systemd.services.systemd-networkd = {
+      systemd.services.systemd-networkd = let
+        isReloadableUnitFileName = unitFileName: strings.hasSuffix ".network" unitFileName;
+        reloadableUnitFiles = attrsets.filterAttrs (k: v: isReloadableUnitFileName k) unitFiles;
+        nonReloadableUnitFiles = attrsets.filterAttrs (k: v: !isReloadableUnitFileName k) unitFiles;
+        unitFileSources = unitFiles: map (x: x.source) (attrValues unitFiles);
+      in {
         wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-        restartTriggers = map (x: x.source) (attrValues unitFiles) ++ [
+        reloadTriggers = unitFileSources reloadableUnitFiles;
+        restartTriggers = unitFileSources nonReloadableUnitFiles ++ [
           config.environment.etc."systemd/networkd.conf".source
         ];
         aliases = [ "dbus-org.freedesktop.network1.service" ];
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-2-init.sh b/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-2-init.sh
index c0af29e3b9909..5a2133f960e2b 100755
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-2-init.sh
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-2-init.sh
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ fi
 
 # Required by the activation script
 install -m 0755 -d /etc
-if [ -d "/etc/nixos" ]; then
+if [ ! -h "/etc/nixos" ]; then
     install -m 0755 -d /etc/nixos
 fi
 install -m 01777 -d /tmp
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix
index ac55461107fb9..b6c3085c4f16f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix
@@ -395,7 +395,9 @@ in
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
         The amount of time which can elapse after a reboot has been triggered
         before a watchdog hardware device will automatically reboot the system.
-        Valid time units include "ms", "s", "min", "h", "d", and "w".
+        Valid time units include "ms", "s", "min", "h", "d", and "w". If left
+        `null`, systemd will use its default of `10min`; see also {command}`man
+        5 systemd-system.conf`.
       '';
     };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix
index 3f40a5b2dfa0c..5d9fca7a605ee 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix
@@ -333,6 +333,14 @@ in {
       visible = "shallow";
       description = lib.mdDoc "Definition of slice configurations.";
     };
+
+    enableTpm2 = mkOption {
+      default = true;
+      type = types.bool;
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        Whether to enable TPM2 support in the initrd.
+      '';
+    };
   };
 
   config = mkIf (config.boot.initrd.enable && cfg.enable) {
@@ -342,8 +350,8 @@ in {
       # systemd needs this for some features
       "autofs4"
       # systemd-cryptenroll
-      "tpm-tis"
-    ] ++ lib.optional (pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.system != "riscv64-linux") "tpm-crb";
+    ] ++ lib.optional cfg.enableTpm2 "tpm-tis"
+    ++ lib.optional (cfg.enableTpm2 && !(pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.isRiscV64 || pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.isArmv7)) "tpm-crb";
 
     boot.initrd.systemd = {
       initrdBin = [pkgs.bash pkgs.coreutils cfg.package.kmod cfg.package] ++ config.system.fsPackages;
@@ -421,11 +429,11 @@ in {
 
         # so NSS can look up usernames
         "${pkgs.glibc}/lib/libnss_files.so.2"
-      ] ++ optionals cfg.package.withCryptsetup [
+      ] ++ optionals (cfg.package.withCryptsetup && cfg.enableTpm2) [
         # tpm2 support
         "${cfg.package}/lib/cryptsetup/libcryptsetup-token-systemd-tpm2.so"
         pkgs.tpm2-tss
-
+      ] ++ optionals cfg.package.withCryptsetup [
         # fido2 support
         "${cfg.package}/lib/cryptsetup/libcryptsetup-token-systemd-fido2.so"
         "${pkgs.libfido2}/lib/libfido2.so.1"
diff --git a/nixos/modules/tasks/bcache.nix b/nixos/modules/tasks/bcache.nix
index 35b922dc8a1d3..68531a4d2fed7 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/tasks/bcache.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/tasks/bcache.nix
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
-{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
-
-{
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }: let
+  cfg = config.boot.bcache;
+in {
+  options.boot.bcache.enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "bcache mount support") // {
+    default = true;
+    example = false;
+  };
   options.boot.initrd.services.bcache.enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "bcache support in the initrd") // {
     description = lib.mdDoc ''
       *This will only be used when systemd is used in stage 1.*
@@ -9,7 +13,7 @@
     '';
   };
 
-  config = {
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
 
     environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.bcache-tools ];
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces.nix b/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces.nix
index eb1c7512d9200..0d4033ca9430a 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces.nix
@@ -1396,14 +1396,12 @@ in
     security.apparmor.policies."bin.ping".profile = lib.mkIf config.security.apparmor.policies."bin.ping".enable (lib.mkAfter ''
       /run/wrappers/bin/ping {
         include <abstractions/base>
-        include <nixos/security.wrappers>
+        include <nixos/security.wrappers/ping>
         rpx /run/wrappers/wrappers.*/ping,
       }
       /run/wrappers/wrappers.*/ping {
         include <abstractions/base>
-        include <nixos/security.wrappers>
-        r /run/wrappers/wrappers.*/ping.real,
-        mrpx ${config.security.wrappers.ping.source},
+        include <nixos/security.wrappers/ping>
         capability net_raw,
         capability setpcap,
       }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/tasks/swraid.nix b/nixos/modules/tasks/swraid.nix
index f624294565b06..1174187062d74 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/tasks/swraid.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/tasks/swraid.nix
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
   cfg = config.boot.swraid;
 
+  mdadm_conf = config.environment.etc."mdadm.conf";
+
 in {
   imports = [
     (lib.mkRenamedOptionModule [ "boot" "initrd" "services" "swraid" "enable" ] [ "boot" "swraid" "enable" ])
@@ -36,8 +38,14 @@ in {
   };
 
   config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    warnings = lib.mkIf
+        ((builtins.match ".*(MAILADDR|PROGRAM).*" mdadm_conf.text) == null)
+        [ "mdadm: Neither MAILADDR nor PROGRAM has been set. This will cause the `mdmon` service to crash." ];
+
     environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.mdadm ];
 
+    environment.etc."mdadm.conf".text = lib.mkAfter cfg.mdadmConf;
+
     services.udev.packages = [ pkgs.mdadm ];
 
     systemd.packages = [ pkgs.mdadm ];
@@ -59,12 +67,10 @@ in {
         $out/bin/mdadm --version
       '';
 
-      extraFiles."/etc/mdadm.conf".source = pkgs.writeText "mdadm.conf" config.boot.swraid.mdadmConf;
+      extraFiles."/etc/mdadm.conf".source = pkgs.writeText "mdadm.conf" mdadm_conf.text;
 
       systemd = {
-        contents."/etc/mdadm.conf" = lib.mkIf (cfg.mdadmConf != "") {
-          text = cfg.mdadmConf;
-        };
+        contents."/etc/mdadm.conf".text = mdadm_conf.text;
 
         packages = [ pkgs.mdadm ];
         initrdBin = [ pkgs.mdadm ];
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/anbox.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/anbox.nix
index c7e9e23c4c928..523d9a9576ef3 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/anbox.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/anbox.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ with lib;
 let
 
   cfg = config.virtualisation.anbox;
-  kernelPackages = config.boot.kernelPackages;
+
   addrOpts = v: addr: pref: name: {
     address = mkOption {
       default = addr;
@@ -25,6 +25,28 @@ let
     };
   };
 
+  finalImage = if cfg.imageModifications == "" then cfg.image else ( pkgs.callPackage (
+    { runCommandNoCC, squashfsTools }:
+
+    runCommandNoCC "${cfg.image.name}-modified.img" {
+      nativeBuildInputs = [
+        squashfsTools
+      ];
+    } ''
+      echo "-> Extracting Anbox root image..."
+      unsquashfs -dest rootfs ${cfg.image}
+
+      echo "-> Modifying Anbox root image..."
+      (
+      cd rootfs
+      ${cfg.imageModifications}
+      )
+
+      echo "-> Packing modified Anbox root image..."
+      mksquashfs rootfs $out -comp xz -no-xattrs -all-root
+    ''
+  ) { });
+
 in
 
 {
@@ -42,6 +64,18 @@ in
       '';
     };
 
+    imageModifications = mkOption {
+      default = "";
+      type = types.lines;
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        Commands to edit the image filesystem.
+
+        This can be used to e.g. bundle a privileged F-Droid.
+
+        Commands are ran with PWD being at the root of the filesystem.
+      '';
+    };
+
     extraInit = mkOption {
       type = types.lines;
       default = "";
@@ -67,16 +101,19 @@ in
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
 
     assertions = singleton {
-      assertion = versionAtLeast (getVersion config.boot.kernelPackages.kernel) "4.18";
-      message = "Anbox needs user namespace support to work properly";
+      assertion = with config.boot.kernelPackages; kernelAtLeast "5.5" && kernelOlder "5.18";
+      message = "Anbox needs a kernel with binder and ashmem support";
     };
 
     environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ anbox ];
 
-    services.udev.extraRules = ''
-      KERNEL=="ashmem", NAME="%k", MODE="0666"
-      KERNEL=="binder*", NAME="%k", MODE="0666"
-    '';
+    systemd.mounts = singleton {
+      requiredBy = [ "anbox-container-manager.service" ];
+      description = "Anbox Binder File System";
+      what = "binder";
+      where = "/dev/binderfs";
+      type = "binder";
+    };
 
     virtualisation.lxc.enable = true;
     networking.bridges.anbox0.interfaces = [];
@@ -87,6 +124,9 @@ in
       internalInterfaces = [ "anbox0" ];
     };
 
+    # Ensures NetworkManager doesn't touch anbox0
+    networking.networkmanager.unmanaged = [ "anbox0" ];
+
     systemd.services.anbox-container-manager = let
       anboxloc = "/var/lib/anbox";
     in {
@@ -121,12 +161,13 @@ in
         ExecStart = ''
           ${pkgs.anbox}/bin/anbox container-manager \
             --data-path=${anboxloc} \
-            --android-image=${cfg.image} \
+            --android-image=${finalImage} \
             --container-network-address=${cfg.ipv4.container.address} \
             --container-network-gateway=${cfg.ipv4.gateway.address} \
             --container-network-dns-servers=${cfg.ipv4.dns} \
             --use-rootfs-overlay \
-            --privileged
+            --privileged \
+            --daemon
         '';
       };
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-container.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-container.nix
index 55b285b69147a..9402d3bf37d0c 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-container.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-container.nix
@@ -1,96 +1,16 @@
 { lib, config, pkgs, ... }:
 
-with lib;
-
 let
-  templateSubmodule = { ... }: {
-    options = {
-      enable = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "this template");
-
-      target = mkOption {
-        description = lib.mdDoc "Path in the container";
-        type = types.path;
-      };
-      template = mkOption {
-        description = lib.mdDoc ".tpl file for rendering the target";
-        type = types.path;
-      };
-      when = mkOption {
-        description = lib.mdDoc "Events which trigger a rewrite (create, copy)";
-        type = types.listOf (types.str);
-      };
-      properties = mkOption {
-        description = lib.mdDoc "Additional properties";
-        type = types.attrs;
-        default = {};
-      };
-    };
-  };
-
-  toYAML = name: data: pkgs.writeText name (generators.toYAML {} data);
-
   cfg = config.virtualisation.lxc;
-  templates = if cfg.templates != {} then let
-    list = mapAttrsToList (name: value: { inherit name; } // value)
-      (filterAttrs (name: value: value.enable) cfg.templates);
-  in
-    {
-      files = map (tpl: {
-        source = tpl.template;
-        target = "/templates/${tpl.name}.tpl";
-      }) list;
-      properties = listToAttrs (map (tpl: nameValuePair tpl.target {
-        when = tpl.when;
-        template = "${tpl.name}.tpl";
-        properties = tpl.properties;
-      }) list);
-    }
-  else { files = []; properties = {}; };
-
-in
-{
+in {
   imports = [
-    ../installer/cd-dvd/channel.nix
-    ../profiles/clone-config.nix
-    ../profiles/minimal.nix
+    ./lxc-instance-common.nix
   ];
 
   options = {
     virtualisation.lxc = {
-      templates = mkOption {
-        description = lib.mdDoc "Templates for LXD";
-        type = types.attrsOf (types.submodule (templateSubmodule));
-        default = {};
-        example = literalExpression ''
-          {
-            # create /etc/hostname on container creation. also requires networking.hostName = "" to be set
-            "hostname" = {
-              enable = true;
-              target = "/etc/hostname";
-              template = builtins.toFile "hostname.tpl" "{{ container.name }}";
-              when = [ "create" ];
-            };
-            # create /etc/nixos/hostname.nix with a configuration for keeping the hostname applied
-            "hostname-nix" = {
-              enable = true;
-              target = "/etc/nixos/hostname.nix";
-              template = builtins.toFile "hostname-nix.tpl" "{ ... }: { networking.hostName = \"{{ container.name }}\"; }";
-              # copy keeps the file updated when the container is changed
-              when = [ "create" "copy" ];
-            };
-            # copy allow the user to specify a custom configuration.nix
-            "configuration-nix" = {
-              enable = true;
-              target = "/etc/nixos/configuration.nix";
-              template = builtins.toFile "configuration-nix" "{{ config_get(\"user.user-data\", properties.default) }}";
-              when = [ "create" ];
-            };
-          };
-        '';
-      };
-
-      privilegedContainer = mkOption {
-        type = types.bool;
+      privilegedContainer = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.bool;
         default = false;
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
           Whether this LXC container will be running as a privileged container or not. If set to `true` then
@@ -116,24 +36,6 @@ in
         ${config.nix.package.out}/bin/nix-env -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/system --set /run/current-system
       '';
 
-    system.build.metadata = pkgs.callPackage ../../lib/make-system-tarball.nix {
-      contents = [
-        {
-          source = toYAML "metadata.yaml" {
-            architecture = builtins.elemAt (builtins.match "^([a-z0-9_]+).+" (toString pkgs.system)) 0;
-            creation_date = 1;
-            properties = {
-              description = "${config.system.nixos.distroName} ${config.system.nixos.codeName} ${config.system.nixos.label} ${pkgs.system}";
-              os = "${config.system.nixos.distroId}";
-              release = "${config.system.nixos.codeName}";
-            };
-            templates = templates.properties;
-          };
-          target = "/metadata.yaml";
-        }
-      ] ++ templates.files;
-    };
-
     # TODO: build rootfs as squashfs for faster unpack
     system.build.tarball = pkgs.callPackage ../../lib/make-system-tarball.nix {
       extraArgs = "--owner=0";
@@ -180,7 +82,7 @@ in
           ProtectKernelTunables=no
           NoNewPrivileges=no
           LoadCredential=
-        '' + optionalString cfg.privilegedContainer ''
+        '' + lib.optionalString cfg.privilegedContainer ''
           # Additional settings for privileged containers
           ProtectHome=no
           ProtectSystem=no
@@ -193,28 +95,8 @@ in
       })
     ];
 
-    # Allow the user to login as root without password.
-    users.users.root.initialHashedPassword = mkOverride 150 "";
-
-    system.activationScripts.installInitScript = mkForce ''
+    system.activationScripts.installInitScript = lib.mkForce ''
       ln -fs $systemConfig/init /sbin/init
     '';
-
-    # Some more help text.
-    services.getty.helpLine =
-      ''
-
-        Log in as "root" with an empty password.
-      '';
-
-    # Containers should be light-weight, so start sshd on demand.
-    services.openssh.enable = mkDefault true;
-    services.openssh.startWhenNeeded = mkDefault true;
-
-    # As this is intended as a standalone image, undo some of the minimal profile stuff
-    environment.noXlibs = false;
-    documentation.enable = true;
-    documentation.nixos.enable = true;
-    services.logrotate.enable = true;
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-image-metadata.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-image-metadata.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2c0568b4c4682
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-image-metadata.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+{ lib, config, pkgs, ... }:
+
+let
+  templateSubmodule = {...}: {
+    options = {
+      enable = lib.mkEnableOption "this template";
+
+      target = lib.mkOption {
+        description = "Path in the container";
+        type = lib.types.path;
+      };
+      template = lib.mkOption {
+        description = ".tpl file for rendering the target";
+        type = lib.types.path;
+      };
+      when = lib.mkOption {
+        description = "Events which trigger a rewrite (create, copy)";
+        type = lib.types.listOf (lib.types.str);
+      };
+      properties = lib.mkOption {
+        description = "Additional properties";
+        type = lib.types.attrs;
+        default = {};
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+  toYAML = name: data: pkgs.writeText name (lib.generators.toYAML {} data);
+
+  cfg = config.virtualisation.lxc;
+  templates = if cfg.templates != {} then let
+    list = lib.mapAttrsToList (name: value: { inherit name; } // value)
+      (lib.filterAttrs (name: value: value.enable) cfg.templates);
+  in
+    {
+      files = map (tpl: {
+        source = tpl.template;
+        target = "/templates/${tpl.name}.tpl";
+      }) list;
+      properties = lib.listToAttrs (map (tpl: lib.nameValuePair tpl.target {
+        when = tpl.when;
+        template = "${tpl.name}.tpl";
+        properties = tpl.properties;
+      }) list);
+    }
+  else { files = []; properties = {}; };
+
+in {
+  options = {
+    virtualisation.lxc = {
+      templates = lib.mkOption {
+        description = "Templates for LXD";
+        type = lib.types.attrsOf (lib.types.submodule templateSubmodule);
+        default = {};
+        example = lib.literalExpression ''
+          {
+            # create /etc/hostname on container creation
+            "hostname" = {
+              enable = true;
+              target = "/etc/hostname";
+              template = builtins.writeFile "hostname.tpl" "{{ container.name }}";
+              when = [ "create" ];
+            };
+            # create /etc/nixos/hostname.nix with a configuration for keeping the hostname applied
+            "hostname-nix" = {
+              enable = true;
+              target = "/etc/nixos/hostname.nix";
+              template = builtins.writeFile "hostname-nix.tpl" "{ ... }: { networking.hostName = "{{ container.name }}"; }";
+              # copy keeps the file updated when the container is changed
+              when = [ "create" "copy" ];
+            };
+            # copy allow the user to specify a custom configuration.nix
+            "configuration-nix" = {
+              enable = true;
+              target = "/etc/nixos/configuration.nix";
+              template = builtins.writeFile "configuration-nix" "{{ config_get(\"user.user-data\", properties.default) }}";
+              when = [ "create" ];
+            };
+          };
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = {
+    system.build.metadata = pkgs.callPackage ../../lib/make-system-tarball.nix {
+      contents = [
+        {
+          source = toYAML "metadata.yaml" {
+            architecture = builtins.elemAt (builtins.match "^([a-z0-9_]+).+" (toString pkgs.system)) 0;
+            creation_date = 1;
+            properties = {
+              description = "${config.system.nixos.distroName} ${config.system.nixos.codeName} ${config.system.nixos.label} ${pkgs.system}";
+              os = "${config.system.nixos.distroId}";
+              release = "${config.system.nixos.codeName}";
+            };
+            templates = templates.properties;
+          };
+          target = "/metadata.yaml";
+        }
+      ] ++ templates.files;
+    };
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-instance-common.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-instance-common.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d6a0e05fb1c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxc-instance-common.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{lib, ...}:
+
+{
+  imports = [
+    ./lxc-image-metadata.nix
+
+    ../installer/cd-dvd/channel.nix
+    ../profiles/clone-config.nix
+    ../profiles/minimal.nix
+  ];
+
+  # Allow the user to login as root without password.
+  users.users.root.initialHashedPassword = lib.mkOverride 150 "";
+
+  # Some more help text.
+  services.getty.helpLine = ''
+
+    Log in as "root" with an empty password.
+  '';
+
+  # Containers should be light-weight, so start sshd on demand.
+  services.openssh.enable = lib.mkDefault true;
+  services.openssh.startWhenNeeded = lib.mkDefault true;
+
+  # As this is intended as a standalone image, undo some of the minimal profile stuff
+  environment.noXlibs = false;
+  documentation.enable = true;
+  documentation.nixos.enable = true;
+  services.logrotate.enable = true;
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd-virtual-machine.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd-virtual-machine.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ba729465ec2f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd-virtual-machine.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+let
+  serialDevice =
+    if pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.isx86
+    then "ttyS0"
+    else "ttyAMA0"; # aarch64
+in {
+  imports = [
+    ./lxc-instance-common.nix
+
+    ../profiles/qemu-guest.nix
+  ];
+
+  config = {
+    system.build.qemuImage = import ../../lib/make-disk-image.nix {
+      inherit pkgs lib config;
+
+      partitionTableType = "efi";
+      format = "qcow2-compressed";
+      copyChannel = true;
+    };
+
+    fileSystems = {
+      "/" = {
+        device = "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos";
+        autoResize = true;
+        fsType = "ext4";
+      };
+      "/boot" = {
+        device = "/dev/disk/by-label/ESP";
+        fsType = "vfat";
+      };
+    };
+
+    boot.growPartition = true;
+    boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;
+
+    # image building needs to know what device to install bootloader on
+    boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/vda";
+
+    boot.kernelParams = ["console=tty1" "console=${serialDevice}"];
+
+    virtualisation.lxd.agent.enable = lib.mkDefault true;
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd.nix
index e22ba9a0ae2ca..e30fbebb662c7 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd.nix
@@ -2,21 +2,20 @@
 
 { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 
-with lib;
-
 let
   cfg = config.virtualisation.lxd;
+  preseedFormat = pkgs.formats.yaml {};
 in {
   imports = [
-    (mkRemovedOptionModule [ "virtualisation" "lxd" "zfsPackage" ] "Override zfs in an overlay instead to override it globally")
+    (lib.mkRemovedOptionModule [ "virtualisation" "lxd" "zfsPackage" ] "Override zfs in an overlay instead to override it globally")
   ];
 
   ###### interface
 
   options = {
     virtualisation.lxd = {
-      enable = mkOption {
-        type = types.bool;
+      enable = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.bool;
         default = false;
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
           This option enables lxd, a daemon that manages
@@ -32,28 +31,28 @@ in {
         '';
       };
 
-      package = mkOption {
-        type = types.package;
+      package = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.package;
         default = pkgs.lxd;
-        defaultText = literalExpression "pkgs.lxd";
+        defaultText = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.lxd";
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
           The LXD package to use.
         '';
       };
 
-      lxcPackage = mkOption {
-        type = types.package;
+      lxcPackage = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.package;
         default = pkgs.lxc;
-        defaultText = literalExpression "pkgs.lxc";
+        defaultText = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.lxc";
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
           The LXC package to use with LXD (required for AppArmor profiles).
         '';
       };
 
-      zfsSupport = mkOption {
-        type = types.bool;
+      zfsSupport = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.bool;
         default = config.boot.zfs.enabled;
-        defaultText = literalExpression "config.boot.zfs.enabled";
+        defaultText = lib.literalExpression "config.boot.zfs.enabled";
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
           Enables lxd to use zfs as a storage for containers.
 
@@ -62,8 +61,8 @@ in {
         '';
       };
 
-      recommendedSysctlSettings = mkOption {
-        type = types.bool;
+      recommendedSysctlSettings = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.bool;
         default = false;
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
           Enables various settings to avoid common pitfalls when
@@ -75,8 +74,67 @@ in {
         '';
       };
 
-      startTimeout = mkOption {
-        type = types.int;
+      preseed = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.nullOr (lib.types.submodule {
+          freeformType = preseedFormat.type;
+        });
+
+        default = null;
+
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Configuration for LXD preseed, see
+          <https://documentation.ubuntu.com/lxd/en/latest/howto/initialize/#initialize-preseed>
+          for supported values.
+
+          Changes to this will be re-applied to LXD which will overwrite existing entities or create missing ones,
+          but entities will *not* be removed by preseed.
+        '';
+
+        example = lib.literalExpression ''
+          {
+            networks = [
+              {
+                name = "lxdbr0";
+                type = "bridge";
+                config = {
+                  "ipv4.address" = "10.0.100.1/24";
+                  "ipv4.nat" = "true";
+                };
+              }
+            ];
+            profiles = [
+              {
+                name = "default";
+                devices = {
+                  eth0 = {
+                    name = "eth0";
+                    network = "lxdbr0";
+                    type = "nic";
+                  };
+                  root = {
+                    path = "/";
+                    pool = "default";
+                    size = "35GiB";
+                    type = "disk";
+                  };
+                };
+              }
+            ];
+            storage_pools = [
+              {
+                name = "default";
+                driver = "dir";
+                config = {
+                  source = "/var/lib/lxd/storage-pools/default";
+                };
+              }
+            ];
+          }
+        '';
+      };
+
+      startTimeout = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.int;
         default = 600;
         apply = toString;
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
@@ -91,13 +149,13 @@ in {
           Enables the (experimental) LXD UI.
         '');
 
-        package = mkPackageOption pkgs.lxd-unwrapped "ui" { };
+        package = lib.mkPackageOption pkgs.lxd-unwrapped "ui" { };
       };
     };
   };
 
   ###### implementation
-  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
     environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
 
     # Note: the following options are also declared in virtualisation.lxc, but
@@ -139,19 +197,19 @@ in {
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       after = [
         "network-online.target"
-        (mkIf config.virtualisation.lxc.lxcfs.enable "lxcfs.service")
+        (lib.mkIf config.virtualisation.lxc.lxcfs.enable "lxcfs.service")
       ];
       requires = [
         "network-online.target"
         "lxd.socket"
-        (mkIf config.virtualisation.lxc.lxcfs.enable "lxcfs.service")
+        (lib.mkIf config.virtualisation.lxc.lxcfs.enable "lxcfs.service")
       ];
       documentation = [ "man:lxd(1)" ];
 
       path = [ pkgs.util-linux ]
-        ++ optional cfg.zfsSupport config.boot.zfs.package;
+        ++ lib.optional cfg.zfsSupport config.boot.zfs.package;
 
-      environment = mkIf (cfg.ui.enable) {
+      environment = lib.mkIf (cfg.ui.enable) {
         "LXD_UI" = cfg.ui.package;
       };
 
@@ -173,11 +231,26 @@ in {
         # By default, `lxd` loads configuration files from hard-coded
         # `/usr/share/lxc/config` - since this is a no-go for us, we have to
         # explicitly tell it where the actual configuration files are
-        Environment = mkIf (config.virtualisation.lxc.lxcfs.enable)
+        Environment = lib.mkIf (config.virtualisation.lxc.lxcfs.enable)
           "LXD_LXC_TEMPLATE_CONFIG=${pkgs.lxcfs}/share/lxc/config";
       };
     };
 
+    systemd.services.lxd-preseed = lib.mkIf (cfg.preseed != null) {
+      description = "LXD initialization with preseed file";
+      wantedBy = ["multi-user.target"];
+      requires = ["lxd.service"];
+      after = ["lxd.service"];
+
+      script = ''
+        ${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/cat ${preseedFormat.generate "lxd-preseed.yaml" cfg.preseed} | ${cfg.package}/bin/lxd init --preseed
+      '';
+
+      serviceConfig = {
+        Type = "oneshot";
+      };
+    };
+
     users.groups.lxd = {};
 
     users.users.root = {
@@ -185,7 +258,7 @@ in {
       subGidRanges = [ { startGid = 1000000; count = 65536; } ];
     };
 
-    boot.kernel.sysctl = mkIf cfg.recommendedSysctlSettings {
+    boot.kernel.sysctl = lib.mkIf cfg.recommendedSysctlSettings {
       "fs.inotify.max_queued_events" = 1048576;
       "fs.inotify.max_user_instances" = 1048576;
       "fs.inotify.max_user_watches" = 1048576;
@@ -196,7 +269,7 @@ in {
       "kernel.keys.maxkeys" = 2000;
     };
 
-    boot.kernelModules = [ "veth" "xt_comment" "xt_CHECKSUM" "xt_MASQUERADE" ]
-      ++ optionals (!config.networking.nftables.enable) [ "iptable_mangle" ];
+    boot.kernelModules = [ "veth" "xt_comment" "xt_CHECKSUM" "xt_MASQUERADE" "vhost_vsock" ]
+      ++ lib.optionals (!config.networking.nftables.enable) [ "iptable_mangle" ];
   };
 }