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# How to contribute
Note: contributing implies licensing those contributions
under the terms of [COPYING](../COPYING), which is an MIT-like license.
## Opening issues
* Make sure you have a [GitHub account](https://github.com/signup/free)
* [Submit an issue](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues) - assuming one does not already exist.
* Clearly describe the issue including steps to reproduce when it is a bug.
* Include information what version of nixpkgs and Nix are you using (nixos-version or git revision).
## Submitting changes
* Format the commit messages in the following way:
```
(pkg-name | nixos/<module>): (from -> to | init at version | refactor | etc)
(Motivation for change. Additional information.)
```
For consistency, there should not be a period at the end of the commit message's summary line (the first line of the commit message).
Examples:
* nginx: init at 2.0.1
* firefox: 54.0.1 -> 55.0
* nixos/hydra: add bazBaz option
Dual baz behavior is needed to do foo.
* nixos/nginx: refactor config generation
The old config generation system used impure shell scripts and could break in specific circumstances (see #1234).
* `meta.description` should:
* Be capitalized.
* Not start with the package name.
* Not have a period at the end.
* `meta.license` must be set and fit the upstream license.
* If there is no upstream license, `meta.license` should default to `stdenv.lib.licenses.unfree`.
* `meta.maintainers` must be set.
See the nixpkgs manual for more details on [standard meta-attributes](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#sec-standard-meta-attributes) and on how to [submit changes to nixpkgs](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-submitting-changes).
## Writing good commit messages
In addition to writing properly formatted commit messages, it's important to include relevant information so other developers can later understand *why* a change was made. While this information usually can be found by digging code, mailing list/Discourse archives, pull request discussions or upstream changes, it may require a lot of work.
For package version upgrades and such a one-line commit message is usually sufficient.
## Reviewing contributions
See the nixpkgs manual for more details on how to [Review contributions](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#sec-reviewing-contributions).
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