nixos/lib/make-ext4-fs: Fix: `resize2fs -M' can leave insufficient slack

The root filesystem resizing step, `resize2fs -M', does not provide any
control over the amount of slack left in the result.  It can produce an
arbitrarily tight fit, depending on how well the payload aligns with
ext4 data structures.

This is problematic, as NixOS must create a few files and directories
during its first boot, before the root is enlarged to match the size of
the containing SD card.

An overly tight fit can cause failures in the first stage:

    mkdir: can't create directory '/mnt-root/proc': No space left on device

or in the second stage:

    install: cannot create directory '/var': No space left on device

A previous version of `make-ext4-fs' (before PR #79368) was explicitly
"reserving" 16 MiB of free space in the final filesystem.  Manually
calculating the size of an ext4 filesystem is a perilous endeavor,
however, and the method it employed was apparently unreliable.

Reverting is consequently not a good option.

A solution would be to create some sort of "balloon" occupying inodes
and blocks in the image prior to invoking `resize2fs -M', and to remove
these temporary files/directories before the compression step.

This changeset takes the simpler approach of simply dropping the
resizing step.

Note that this does *not* result in a larger image in general, as the
current procedure does not truncate the `.img' file anyway.  In fact, it
has been observed to yield *smaller* compressed images---probably
because of some "noise" left after resizing.  E.g., before-vs-after:

    -r--r--r-- 2 root root 607M  1. Jan 1970  nixos-sd-image-21.11pre-git-x86_64-linux.img.zst

    -r--r--r-- 2 root root 606M  1. Jan 1970  nixos-sd-image-21.11pre-git-x86_64-linux.img.zst

1 files changed, 3 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/nixos/lib/make-ext4-fs.nix b/nixos/lib/make-ext4-fs.nix
index 33dbc8f5ec461..416beeb32f2fa 100644
--- a/nixos/lib/make-ext4-fs.nix
+++ b/nixos/lib/make-ext4-fs.nix
@@ -74,11 +74,9 @@ pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
         return 1
       fi
 
-      echo "Resizing to minimum allowed size"
-      resize2fs -M $img
-
-      # And a final fsck, because of the previous truncating.
-      fsck.ext4 -n -f $img
+      # We may want to shrink the file system and resize the image to
+      # get rid of the unnecessary slack here--but see
+      # https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/125121 for caveats.
 
       if [ ${builtins.toString compressImage} ]; then
         echo "Compressing image"